3.10 Labor Answers

1

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Health care, business, retail, and education are examples of ________ industries.

s

service

e

entertainment

m

manufacturing

c

construction

2

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In the year 2013, which of these fields has the largest percentage of workers?

A

entertainment and tourism

B

construction industry

C

education and health care

D

manufacturing industry

3

How will an increase in the percentage of older Americans affect the healthcare field?

A

There will be far fewer qualified workers to fill positions in the healthcare field.

B

Salaries will drop in the healthcare field so that businesses can control costs.

C

The healthcare field will create new jobs because more people will need care.

D

Fewer people will need health care, so there will be a drop in healthcare jobs.

4

Read the excerpt from a letter about the early trade union movement.The trade union movement came into being as a movement of hunger. It was made necessary by conditions. It was in the beginning formed in response to a hunger for enough to eat . . . As it became possible to secure more food, other hungers demanded satisfaction . . . The demands were for more and better food, for better clothes and for better homes. It required a struggle to satisfy these needs . . . [A]t every step of the way it was necessary to overcome the stubborn opposition of employers who were resolved not to recede and not to relinquish any of the powers and privileges which they possessed.—Samuel Gompers, 1920

A

They struggle just as workers do.

B

They earned their privileges.

C

They are greedy and selfish.

D

They are stubborn but hardworking.

5

What is the economic outlook for occupations in the healthcare sector?

A

weak to very poor

B

depends on the economy

C

will remain stable

D

will increase in demand over time

6

What is the definition of collective bargaining?

A

ongoing salary negotiations between an employee and a factory owner

B

an agreement among a group of factory owners to raise worker wages

C

a written set of guidelines about legal and illegal workplace conditions

D

labor union and employer negotiations about wages and other issues

7

What is one benefit for US workers who have a college degree rather than a high school diploma?

A

More than 80 percent of jobs require a college degree.

B

Those with a college degree report higher job satisfaction.

C

Most workers with a college degree are immune to layoffs.

D

Those with a college degree earn nearly twice as much as those without college.

8

Why must the government consider companies’ needs as well as those of workers?

A

Workers often take advantage of safety and wage laws and regulations.

B

Company owners can easily vote government officials out of office.

C

Employers deserve the same benefits and protections as employees do.

D

Regulations can be costly and may drive companies out of business.

9

The graph shows labor union membership.

A

in 1945 and 1955

B

in 1960 and 1970

C

in 1930 and 1950

D

in 1965 and 1970

10

If union contracts raise wages above competitive levels, what might be one negative outcome?

I

Industries will raise salaries for top-level workers but not entry-level workers.

C

Companies will move overseas to escape unions and hire cheaper labor.

I

Inexperienced workers will lose their jobs to more experienced workers.

E

Employees will be content with their status and thus less likely to join unions.

11

Which workers are most likely to be in demand in the future?

A

those with high-tech skills

B

those with construction skills

C

those in government jobs

D

those in manufacturing jobs

12

Both newspaper journalists and postal workers have been negatively affected by

A

the popularity of electronic communication and the Internet.

B

declining literacy rates and lack of interest in reading.

C

government budget cuts that led to fewer jobs in these fields.

D

competition with cheaper labor performed by overseas workers.

13

Minimum wageChild laborUnion membershipWorkers’ compensation

A

Minimum wage

B

Child labor

C

Union membership

D

Workers’ compensation

14

New YorkPennsylvaniaMassachusettsNew Jersey

A

New York

B

Pennsylvania

C

Massachusetts

D

New Jersey

15

How will an increase in the percentage of older Americans affect the healthcare field?

A

There will be far fewer qualified workers to fill positions in the healthcare field.

B

Salaries will drop in the healthcare field so that businesses can control costs.

C

The healthcare field will create new jobs because more people will need care.

D

Fewer people will need health care, so there will be a drop in healthcare jobs.

16

Health care, business, retail, and education are examples of ________ industries.

A

service

B

entertainment

C

manufacturing

D

construction

17

Read the excerpt from a letter about the early trade union movement.The trade union movement came into being as a movement of hunger. It was made necessary by conditions. It was in the beginning formed in response to a hunger for enough to eat . . . As it became possible to secure more food, other hungers demanded satisfaction . . . The demands were for more and better food, for better clothes and for better homes. It required a struggle to satisfy these needs . . . [A]t every step of the way it was necessary to overcome the stubborn opposition of employers who were resolved not to recede and not to relinquish any of the powers and privileges which they possessed.—Samuel Gompers, 1920

A

They struggle just as workers do.

B

They earned their privileges.

C

They are greedy and selfish.

D

They are stubborn but hardworking.

18

What is the definition of minimum wage?

A

the lowest hourly pay that workers can receive

B

the average pay for qualified workers

C

the starting salary for all new employees

D

the required pay when an employee is injured

19

Why must the government consider companies’ needs as well as those of workers?

A

Workers often take advantage of safety and wage laws and regulations.

B

Company owners can easily vote government officials out of office.

C

Employers deserve the same benefits and protections as employees do.

D

Regulations can be costly and may drive companies out of business.

20

most

e

employers, who are less likely to lose income and productivity due to serious employee injuries

q

qualified workers with disabilities, against whom employers may no longer discriminate

a

all workers, who are less likely to miss work because of injury or face high medical bills

r

rival companies, which gain an advantage by using more cost-effective safety measures

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