Question 5 • Menter Hartman WORLD HIST 1A (Centralized)
Spain, France, and Russia each developed strong centralized monarchies during the 1500s and 1600s. Their rulers expanded royal authority and limited the power of competing nobles, a pattern often described as absolute rule. Spain’s Philip II, France’s Louis XIV, and Russia’s tsars illustrate this trend. They did not all experience long peace, republican government, or the overthrow of their kings.
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