AnswersPA Human Anatomy Physiology A 2026-2027 SMITH ICScientific Inquiry

Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions Answers

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Denise was measuring the effect of temperature on the amount of dissolved oxygen that water can hold. She hypothesized that as water temperature increases, the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in water increases. Her data are shown in the table below.Water temperature (ºC)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)512.51011.01510.2209.1258.3Which conclusion did Denise most likely write in her lab report?

A
The data did not support the hypothesis because the amount of dissolved oxygen decreased as water temperature increased.
B
The data did not support the hypothesis because the amount of dissolved oxygen increased as water temperature increased.
C
The data supported the hypothesis because the amount of dissolved oxygen decreased as water temperature increased.
D
The data supported the hypothesis because the amount of dissolved oxygen increased as water temperature decreased.
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What is the best definition of a conclusion?

A
a written description of events that occurred during an experiment
B
an act of recognizing and noting an occurrence by using the senses
C
a possible explanation of a scientific question based on observation
D
an explanation that uses data to support or reject a hypothesis
3

Francis was recording plant heights for an experiment. Each time that she took a measurement, she wrote it down. Then, she measured the plant again and compared the new measurement to the one that she had recorded in her notebook. What was she most likely trying to do?

A
revise her hypothesis
B
check her memory
C
make the data more valid
D
form a conclusion
4

Maria wanted to learn more about the birds that visit her backyard. She installed several bird feeders and offered a variety of bird seed mixes in order to attract a mix of species. For a month, she observed the bird feeders three times a day for an hour each day and counted the types of birds that she saw. Then, she made a pie chart to represent her findings. What is the most likely reason that she chose a pie chart?

A
To show the total number of birds that she observed.
B
To show the number of times that each bird visited the feeders.
C
To show which bird species were most common.
D
To show how the bird species changed over time.
5

How can evidence from an experiment be explained in relationship to the hypothesis?

A
as a prediction
B
as a question
C
as an inference
D
as a conclusion
6

For a conclusion to be accepted by the scientific community, the data must be accurate, free from error, and

A
reproducible.
B
varied.
C
unique.
D
surprising.
7

How does a good experimental conclusion differ from an inference?

A
A conclusion relates the evidence to the hypothesis and inference is a guess.
B
A conclusion explains data and an inference predicts what will occur next.
C
A conclusion provides less information to the reader than an inference.
D
A conclusion is proven to be correct; an inference is disproved by evidence.
8

Why are graphs useful when interpreting data?

A
They make trends in the data easier to see.
B
They are easier to create than data tables.
C
They take the place of pictures in a report.
D
They can be used to show additional data.
9

What is the most important reason to control the conditions of an experiment?

A
to make the experiment easier to repeat
B
to reduce the amount of data that must be recorded
C
because this is necessary for graphing the data
D
because this is necessary for the data to be valid
10

The pH scale measures the acidity or the basicity of a solution. Solutions that have a pH below 7 are acids. Solutions that have a low pH are more acidic than solutions that have a higher pH. The graph below shows the pH of four common fruit juices. A student studying acidity of juices did a taste test and determined that the orange juice was the sweetest juice and the lemon and lime juices were the sourest. Based on this information, which is the best inference the student could make about acidity?

Question illustration
A
Juices with more sugar content have a lower pH.
B
Higher acidity causes juices to taste more sour.
C
Juice that tastes sour has a higher pH than juice that tastes sweet.
D
Lime juice tastes more sour than orange juice.
11

Mario performed an experiment to determine if photosynthesis was affected by the amount of light that a plant received. The data from his experiment are shown in the table below.Amount of light(hours)Number of plantsAverage volume of oxygen produced (mL)1 40.50642.01045.0What could he have done to increase the validity of his data?

A
Reduce the number of plants.
B
Remove the 1 hour group.
C
Add a 0 hours control.
D
Measure the oxygen in liters.
12

Anjuli performed an experiment to determine the respiration rate of yeast. She determined this by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that was produced. Then, she created the following graph.Her teacher suggested that she redraw her graph as a line graph. Why should she redraw the graph?

Question illustration
A
A line graph looks better in a scientific report.
B
She was measuring a rate of change.
C
She had graphed the wrong relationship.
D
Her experiment had many different variables.
13

What is the most appropriate way to present the data below?Week Plant Mass (g)1222613874123

A
bar graph
B
chart
C
line graph
D
pie graph
14

A geologist and a biologist performed an experiment together and examined the data. Each scientist formed a different conclusion. Both conclusions were supported by the evidence. How is this possible?

A
Both conclusions are the same but have different wording.
B
If more than one conclusion is supported, the hypothesis is invalid.
C
There can be alternate explanations for the same evidence.
D
Each conclusion is based on different data.
15

A good conclusion restates the hypothesis so that the reader

A
does not have to return to the beginning of the report.
B
sees how the scientist applied the results to the hypothesis.
C
understands how the methods relate to the hypothesis.
D
recognizes that the hypothesis was correct.

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