AnswersCrowley Original Credit Chemistry BProperties of Acids and Bases

Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis Acids and Bases Answers

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A chemist lectures about the following definition for acids and bases.The acid-base behavior is analyzed in terms of how electrons are transferred between compounds rather than in terms of how hydrogen ions are transferred.What is the chemist defining?

A
the Arrhenius concept of acids and bases
B
the classical concept of acids and bases
C
the Lewis concept of acids and bases
D
the Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases
2
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Consider the reaction below.H2PO4– + H2O H3O+ + HPO42–Which of the following is a base–conjugate acid pair?

Question illustration
A
H2O and H3O+
B
H2O and H2PO4–
C
H2PO4– and HPO42–
D
H2PO4– and H3O+
3

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?

A
A substance that increases H3O+ concentration when it is dissolved in water.
B
A substance that increases OH– concentration when it is dissolved in water.
C
A compound that donates protons.
D
A compound that accepts protons.
4

Consider the reaction below.HF + H2O H3O + FWhich is an acid-conjugate base pair?

Question illustration
A
HF and H3O+
B
HF and F
Option B
C
H2O and HF
D
H2O and F
Option D
5

Consider the reaction below.HClO3 + NH3 NH4+ + ClO3–Which is a base-conjugate acid pair?

Question illustration
A
NH3 and ClO3–
B
NH3 and NH4+
C
HClO3 and NH3
D
HClO3 and NH4+
6

Which statement describes the Arrhenius interpretation of acids and bases?

A
It has a wider range of applications than the Bronsted-Lowry interpretation.
B
It has a wider range of applications than the Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry interpretations.
C
It is used in situations that involve bases that do not produce hydroxide ions.
D
It is limited to situations that involve aqueous solutions or specific compounds.
7

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base?

A
a compound that donates protons
B
a compound that accepts protons
C
a substance that increases hydroxide ion concentration
D
a substance that increases hydronium ion concentration
8

Consider the reaction below.HI + H2O H3O+ + I–Which is an acid-conjugate base pair?

Question illustration
A
HI and H2O
B
H2O and H3O+
C
H3O+ and I–
D
HI and I–
9

Which reaction displays an example of an Arrhenius base?

A
NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH–(aq)
Option A
B
HCl(g) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
Option B
C
CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + CH3COO–(aq)
Option C
D
NH3(aq) + HC2H3O2(aq) NH4+(aq) + C2H3O2–(aq)
Option D
10

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?

A
a compound that donates protons
B
a compound that accepts protons
C
a substance that increases hydroxide ion concentration
D
a substance that increases hydronium ion concentration
11

What is the definition of a Lewis acid?

A
a substance that accepts electrons to form a covalent bond
B
a substance that donates electrons to form a covalent bond
C
a substance that accepts a proton
D
a substance that donates a proton
12

Consider the reaction below.HClO3 + NH3 NH4+ + ClO3–Which is a base-conjugate acid pair?

Question illustration
A
NH3 and ClO3–
B
NH3 and NH4+
C
HClO3 and NH3
D
HClO3 and NH4+
13

Which statement best describes a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A
It must accept protons to form a conjugate base.
B
It must accept protons to form a conjugate acid.
C
It must donate protons to form a conjugate base.
D
It must donate protons to form a conjugate acid.
14

Which term describes a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution?

A
Lewis definition of an acid
B
Arrhenius definition of a base
C
Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base
D
Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid
15

Which is a characteristic of a Lewis base?

A
It behaves as the electron donor.
B
It behaves as the electron acceptor.
C
It donates a hydrogen ion to other compounds.
D
It increases the concentration of hydrogen ions.
16

Which reaction displays an example of an Arrhenius base?

A
NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH–(aq)
Option A
B
HCl(g) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
Option B
C
CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + CH3COO–(aq)
Option C
D
NH3(aq) + HC2H3O2(aq) NH4+(aq) + C2H3O2–(aq)
Option D
17

Which best describes the definition of Lewis acids and bases?

A
a general definition based on electron structure
B
a general definition based on hydrogen ion concentration
C
a specific definition based on a compound’s ability to accept protons
D
a specific definition based on a compound’s ability to donate protons
18

Consider the reaction below.H2PO4– + H2O H3O+ + HPO42–Which of the following is a base–conjugate acid pair?

Question illustration
A
H2O and H3O+
B
H2O and H2PO4–
C
H2PO4– and HPO42–
D
H2PO4– and H3O+
19

A chemist lectures about the following definition for acids and bases.The acid-base behavior is analyzed in terms of how electrons are transferred between compounds rather than in terms of how hydrogen ions are transferred.What is the chemist defining?

A
the Arrhenius concept of acids and bases
B
the classical concept of acids and bases
C
the Lewis concept of acids and bases
D
the Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases
20

Which of the following would most likely act as a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A
mc009-1.jpg
Option A
B
HCN
C
CCl4
D
Mg(OH)+

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