Hope researches the impact of one variable on another. She graphs the data from her research and sees that the data forms a shape that is similar to an arch. What conclusion can Hope draw from her graph?

Answer:

Hope can conclude that there is an association between the variables because the graph shows a clear pattern. However, because the pattern is a non-linear arch, she can conclude there is no correlation. Finally, she cannot conclude that there is a causal relationship, as association does not imply causation.