Explain how the diaphragm aids in breathing
The diaphragm is a muscle that aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, which increases the space in the chest cavity and allows the lungs to expand as air is pulled in. During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, reducing the space in the chest cavity and forcing air containing carbon dioxide out of the lungs.
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What happens within the respiratory system when someone has hiccups? What can cause hiccups?
When the diaphragm becomes irritated, it jerks down, which causes air to rush quickly into the throat. When this air hits the voice box (vocal cords), it causes the sound of a hiccup. Hiccups can be caused by various factors, such as eating too quickly or too much, having an irritated stomach or throat, or experiencing feelings of nervousness or excitement.
What is a lung transplant?
A lung transplant is a surgery in which a diseased or failing lung is removed and replaced with a healthy lung, typically from a deceased donor.
Why are people on the donor list given a lung allocation score and which factor has been eliminated as a reason for a transplant?
The Lung Allocation Score (LAS) is used to determine which patients would benefit most from a transplant based on medical urgency and predicted post-transplant survival. The score is calculated using clinical data like age, oxygen requirement, pulmonary function, and the distance a patient can walk in six minutes. This system was implemented so that the amount of time spent on the donor waiting list is no longer the primary factor used to determine who receives a transplant.
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