What are the four phases of mitosis?
Mitosis occurs in prokaryotic✔ eukaryotic cells.
What is the end result of mitosis?
During the final stage of the cell cycle, cytokinesis allows the cell to finish dividing, creating one cell✔ two cellsthree cells with ✔ identicaldifferent copies of DNA.
prophase✔ metaphaseanaphasetelophase Sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell.
prophasemetaphaseanaphase✔ telophase Chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible.
✔ prophasemetaphaseanaphasetelophase Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and spindles begin to form.
prophasemetaphase✔ anaphasetelophase Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
Why is mitosis important to organisms? Check all that apply.
What would happen to an organism if mitosis did not occur? Check all that apply.
Explain the process of tissue cultures using healthy cells.
A tissue culture is made by taking healthy cells from a living organism and placing them in a nutrient medium. The cells divide by mitosis and grow into one layer. Once the cells touch, they stop dividing until space becomes available, such as when a cell dies. Healthy cells usually undergo about 20 to 50 mitotic divisions in a tissue culture.
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Explain the process of tissue cultures for cancer cells.
Tissue cultures of cancer cells involve removing cells from a living organism and placing them in a nutrientrich environment for growth. Cancer cells in a culture grow at an uncontrolled rate because they do not respond to normal regulatory signals. Unlike healthy cells, they lack contact inhibition, so they will continue to divide and pile up in multiple layers even after touching adjacent cells. Furthermore, cancer cells are often immortal in culture, meaning they can undergo mitotic divisions an unlimited number of times.
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Describe the benefits to using tissue cultures to study medications used for treating cancer cells.
Tissue cultures allow cancer medications to be tested on growing cancer cells outside the patient. Scientists can compare multiple treatments and identify those that slow or stop cancer growth, reducing the need to give untested medications to patients and making the process safer.
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