Proteins and Nucleic Acids Answers

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a manufacturing and transport system. The rough ER is covered in ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell and contains the cell's genetic material (DNA). It directs all cellular activities, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell, where they translate genetic instructions into amino acid chains.

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It is often compared to a post office.

Vacuoles are organelles that store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. In plant cells, they also provide structural support.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that use enzymes to break down waste and worn-out cell parts.

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use, such as ATP, through the process of cellular respiration.

The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.