What is the fundamental idea behind the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which is mentioned in Brown v. Board of Education?

The Fourteenth Amendment establishes citizenship for people born or naturalized in the United States and guarantees equal protection of the laws. In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court relied on that equal-protection guarantee to rule against school segregation. Ending slavery is the Thirteenth Amendment’s role, while the Fourteenth Amendment itself does not specifically declare school segregation illegal.

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