AnswersFirst Semester BiologyThe Process of Photosynthesis

Cell Differentiation and Specialization Answers

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1
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When a disease-causing agent enters an organism, the immune system alerts which specialized cells?

A
red blood cells
B
epithelial cells
C
white blood cells
D
somatic stem cells
2
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Which best describes red blood cells?

A
They are colorless.
B
They protect against disease-carrying microorganisms.
C
They transport oxygen throughout the body.
D
They aid in blood clotting.
3

Which series lists the stages of development in the gestational process in order, from beginning to end?

A
gametes ® embryo ® zygote ® fetus ® organism
B
gametes ® zygote ® embryo ® fetus ® organism
C
embryo ® gametes ® zygote ® fetus ® organism
D
zygote ® gametes ® embryo ® fetus ® organism
4

Which statement best describes embryonic stem cells?

A
Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal only.
B
Embryonic stem cells are capable of differentiation only.
C
Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and limited differentiation.
D
Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation.
5

Living organisms respond to changes in environmental conditions such as temperature. Which lists the correct order in which body structures would respond to such a change?

A
tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism
B
tissue, cell, organ system, organ, organism
C
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
D
cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism
6

Athletes training at high altitudes adapt to air with lower oxygen levels than air at sea level. Which cells are most likely to increase in number as a result of this adaptation?

A
neurons
B
red blood cells
C
white blood cells
D
muscle cells
7

Which cell is unspecialized?

A
blood cell
B
stem cell
C
epithelial cell
D
gamete
8

What is a source of stem cells that has the characteristics of self-renewal and limited differentiation?

A
Embryonic cell
B
Somatic cell
C
Amniotic fluid
D
Heart muscle
9

Which is a source of adult stem cells?

A
bone marrow
B
amniotic fluid
C
embryos
D
gametes
10

Which of these pairings is incorrect?

A
blood cells, components of blood
B
neurons, conduct electrical impulses
C
epithelial cells, react to stimuli
D
muscle cells, elongated cells that can contract
11

Which cells are considered immortal?

A
neurons
B
blood cells
C
cardiac muscle cells
D
stem cells
12

In the study of cancer, researchers have used different types of cells, different environmental conditions, and different experimental designs. However, all researchers have arrived at the same conclusion. Which conclusion is that?

A
Cancer cells stop dividing when they touch.
B
Cancer cells are specialized cells.
C
Cancer cells lack contact inhibition.
D
Cancer cells reproduce slowly.
13

All the major organs of the body are formed by week 10 of gestation. Which process makes this possible?

A
growth
B
fertilization
C
self-renewal
D
differentiation
14

What must occur for specialized cells like heart and brain cells to form?

A
Cell mutation
B
Fertilization
C
Differentiation
D
Gene suppression
15

Which two microscopes generate three-dimensional images?

s
scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscope
t
transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope
s
scanning tunneling microscope and transmission electron microscope
c
compound light microscope and scanning electron microscope
19

Which is a function of the cell membrane?

p
performs photosynthesis
c
controls what enters and leaves the cell
p
produces proteins
p
provides energy to the cell

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