Changing Geography: Creating the Nation-State Answers

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: A nation-state has two main components: a self-governing, autonomous territory (the “state”) and a sense of national pride, or a common culture, history, and belief system among the people (the “nation”).

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: A nation-state needs a stable government to develop. People need to know that the government will remain constant even after the head of state is gone. In order for this to occur, countries needed laws that would remain constant, standing armies, efficient bureaucracies to collect taxes, courts to administer justice, etc.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Prior to the existence of the nation-state, Europe was comprised of several multiethnic empires, the largest and most powerful of which was the Holy Roman Empire. Territory changed hands often. Many times, this took place because of marriage or as a result of war.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Soviet nationalism grew under Stalin. Religious influence was reduced, and churches sometimes were destroyed. Literature, art, and music that the Communist party deemed questionable or threatening was banned. Russian art and culture was revered. Nationalist uprisings by non-Russian groups were put down, and non-Russian minorities often were persecuted.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Nationalism is often a positive thing, but it can also be harmful. Many nations are multiethnic, with more than one distinct culture. Opposing cultural beliefs often can tear a nation apart and lead to civil war. Certain groups may also be discriminated against.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The Peace of Westphalia was the treaty that ended the Thirty Years’ War in Europe. It marked a shift in authority from the Church to independent rulers. As a result, states emerged as the uncontested authority in Europe and the power of the Church diminished.