Karyotypes can be studied to determine an organism’s chromosomal makeup and to detect genetic defects. Turner syndrome occurs when a female has an incomplete set of sex chromosomes. Symptoms of Turner syndrome include swollen hands and feet, short stature, and infertility. Which type of chromosomal mutation is responsible for causing Turner syndrome?

Turner syndrome is usually caused by monosomy X: the individual has only one X chromosome instead of the usual two sex chromosomes. This is an aneuploidy, meaning that one or more individual chromosomes are missing or extra. Polyploidy and tetraploidy involve extra whole sets of chromosomes, while trisomy means an extra copy of a chromosome.

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