Which can cause an immediate catastrophic effect on ocean life?

Oil spills from drilling can rapidly spread across the ocean’s surface and expose or smother marine animals, plants, and coastal habitats. This can cause widespread harm in a short time, so “oil spills from oil drilling” is the best answer. The other sources may contribute to pollution, but they are less likely to cause an immediate, large-scale catastrophe in ocean life.

AI-written and checked against the verified answer.