To estimate the proportion of city residents who shop online, a researcher visits a mall on a weekday morning and asks people she encounters to share their experiences with online shopping, including this question: "Do you shop online at least once each week?” The results show that 32 percent of shoppers shop online at least once per week. Which of these describes a likely source of bias present in the survey results?
Answer
A
Response bias may be present because people may not be truthful with their responses.
B
Nonresponse bias may be present because people in a mall may not want to answer questions.
C
Question wording bias may be present because the question asked may exclude important information.
D
Undercoverage bias may be present because people in the workforce and many younger people could be excluded.
Explanation
The researcher surveys people she encounters at a mall on a weekday morning, so residents who are working, at school, or otherwise not at the mall have little or no chance of being included. This can leave important groups of city residents underrepresented, which is undercoverage bias. Therefore, the likely source is undercoverage bias, as described in choice D.
AI-written and checked against the verified answer.