Success Stories — Cumulative exam Answers

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1
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The Kyoto protocol works by _______.

A
mandatory involvement
B
voluntary involvement
C
imposing trade restrictions on nonparticipating countries
D
offering monetary rewards to participating countries
2
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The principle difference between point source and nonpoint source water pollution is _______.

A
whether the pollution is organic or inorganic
B
the number of sources of pollution
C
the amount of pollution
D
whether it is from commercial or agricultural sources
3

Which of the following is a possible cost of using renewable resources?

A
loss of animal species
B
land degradation
C
lower availability of freshwater
D
all of the above
4

The traditional view of mangrove forests as wastelands and unhealthy environments helped promote their degradation because _______.

A
mangrove forests are unproductive, unhealthy habitats
B
people did not feel it was necessary to preserve them
C
mangrove forests do not need to be preserved
D
all of the above
5

The amount of available energy changes between the trophic levels found in a food chain or energy pyramid. Photos (left to right) by Mehmet Karatay, Jens Buurgaard Nielsen, Furryscaly, and Walter Siegmund How would the amount of available energy differ in the trophic level of the mouse compared to the trophic level of the hawk?

Question illustration
A
Available energy would increase from the mouse to the hawk.
B
Available energy would decrease from the mouse to the hawk.
C
Available energy would initially increase from the mouse to the hawk, and then decrease over time.
D
Available energy would remain the same from the mouse to the hawk.
7

Which of the following statements about turning points in environmental policy is true?

A
Environmental policy has changed over time as a result of pressure from industry.
B
Turning points in environmental policy were typically the result of urban expansion.
C
Turning points in environmental policy have come about through increased public awareness.
D
Environmental policy has changed little over the history of the United States.
8

Why are cane toads in Australia considered an invasive species rather than simply nonnative?

A
They are destructive to native species and have no natural predators.
B
They reproduce more quickly than native species.
C
They have venom glands.
D
Large adult specimens are able to hunt snakes.
9

Which of the following best explains why buildings tip during earthquakes?

A
Seismic waves damage buildings’ foundations.
B
The liquefaction of solid soil undermines buildings’ foundations.
C
Body waves break underground water pipes.
D
Surface faulting moves the ground in different directions.
12

What is an advantage of using nuclear power?

A
Nuclear power is generated at a lower cost than traditional methods.
B
Nuclear power produces less pollution than traditional methods.
C
Nuclear power is more efficient than traditional methods.
D
All of the above
13

Which of the following about carbon sinks is not true?

A
They emit more carbon than they take in.
B
They take in more carbon they emit.
C
They store carbon from the atmosphere.
D
They include oceans and forests.
15

Which of the following scenarios is representative of how agricultural practices can affect the environment?

A
increased oxygen levels in a pond due to fertilizer runoff
B
sediment accumulation in a body of water near a farm
C
soil compaction caused by tillage
D
increased plant growth caused by the application of herbicides
16

The largest supply of Earth’s freshwater is stored in _______.

A
lakes and rivers
B
groundwater
C
the atmosphere
D
glaciers and icecaps
17

How can resource conservation benefit the environment?

A
Resource conservation can help preserve natural habitats.
B
Resource conservation can reduce water pollution.
C
Resource conservation can reduce air pollution.
D
All of the above
19

Which of the following best explains why soil conservation is important to human agriculture?

A
Erosion prevention prevents millions of dollars in damage from mudslides.
B
It is easier to prevent the degradation of old soil than it is to generate new soil.
C
If the soil salinity gets too high crops will not be able to grow in it.
D
Soil contamination is a hazard to human and animal health.
20

Energy in most ecosystems must flow through autotrophs because ______.

A
only autotrophs can convert solar energy into chemical energy
B
autotrophs are simpler organisms than heterotrophs
C
heterotrophs only generate a small fraction of their energy from photosynthesis.
D
all of the above

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