Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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Read the excerpt from Neil deGrasse Tyson’s “Death by Black Hole.”If you stumbled upon a black hole and found yourself falling feet-first toward its center, then as you got closer, the black hole’s force of gravity would grow astronomically. Curiously, you would not feel this force at all because, like anything in free fall, you are weightless. What you do feel, however, is something far more sinister. While you fall, the black hole’s force of gravity at your two feet, they being closer to the black hole’s center, accelerates them faster than does the weaker force of gravity at your head. The difference between the two is known officially as the tidal force, which grows precipitously as you draw nearer to the black hole’s center. For Earth, and for most cosmic places, the tidal force across the length of your body is minuscule and goes unnoticed. But in your feet-first fall toward a black hole the tidal forces are all you notice.Which sentence from the excerpt best supports the idea that falling into a black hole would be excruciatingly painful?

A
Curiously, you would not feel this force at all because, like anything in free fall, you are weightless.
B
What you do feel, however, is something far more sinister.
C
For Earth, and for most cosmic places, the tidal force across the length of your body is minuscule and goes unnoticed.
D
But in your feet-first fall toward a black hole the tidal forces are all you notice.
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Read the excerpt from Neil deGrasse Tyson’s “Death by Black Hole.”But there is more bad news.All parts of your body are moving toward the same spot—the black hole’s center. So while you’re getting ripped apart head to toe, you will also extrude through the fabric of space and time, like toothpaste squeezed through a tube.To all the words in the English language that describe ways to die (e.g., homicide, suicide, electrocution, suffocation, starvation) we add the term “spaghettification.”In this excerpt, Tyson conveys his complex ideas by

A
introducing complicated terminology.
B
providing relevant statistics and figures.
C
relating the information to something familiar.
D
describing a personal experience.
3

Read the excerpt from Fast Food Nation. Instead of relying upon a small, stable, well-paid, and well-trained workforce, the fast food industry seeks out part-time, unskilled workers who are willing to accept low pay. Teenagers have been the perfect candidates for these jobs, not only because they are less expensive to hire than adults, but also because their youthful inexperience makes them easier to control.Which of the following choices best presents a counterclaim to the argument presented in this excerpt?

A
Teenagers have not yet developed skills that make them valuable employees in the workforce.
B
Fast food restaurants are able to employ people who otherwise might not be able to find a job because of the low skill level required to perform the tasks.
C
The McDonald brothers designed the Speedee Service System based on the assembly line systems of American factories in the early twentieth century.
D
By law, fast food restaurants must offer equal employment opportunities to those seeking work.
4

Read this claim from an argumentative essay about zoos. Zoos must improve conditions so that they can meet the health and safety needs of the animals.Which piece of evidence, if true, would best support this claim?

A
Exposure to different animals can help to educate the public.
B
Funding sources for zoos can be limited, so they often rely on donations from the public.
C
Many animals die prematurely in zoos because they are exposed to infectious diseases.
D
Animals can be bred at zoos to increase their population.
5

Read the excerpt from “First Generation” of Dreaming in Cuban, by Cristina Garcia.She considers the vagaries of sports, the happenstance of El Líder, a star pitcher in his youth, narrowly missing a baseball career in America. His wicked curveball attracted the major league scouts, and the Washington Senators were interested in signing him but changed their minds. Frustrated, El Líder went home, rested his pitching arm, and started a revolution in the mountains.Which best explains how Garcia’s word choice helps establish her voice in the excerpt?

A
Garcia uses short, forceful words to assert a pessimistic opinion on fate.
B
Garcia uses formal, academic language and location words to suggest a theory about fate.
C
Garcia uses American baseball terminology to suggest fate’s defeat.
D
Garcia uses words with positive connotations to suggest an optimistic outlook on fate.
6

Read the excerpt from “First Generation” of Dreaming in Cuban.He stops at the ocean’s edge, smiles almost shyly, as if he fears disturbing her, and stretches out a colossal hand. His blue eyes are like lasers in the night. The beams bounce off his fingernails, five hard blue shields. They scan the beach, illuminating shells and sleeping gulls, then focus on her. The porch turns blue, ultraviolet. Her hands, too, are blue. Celia squints through the light, which dulls her eyesight and blurs the palms on the shore.Which is an example of a hyperbole?

A
“smiles almost shyly, as if he fears disturbing her”
B
“and stretches out a colossal hand”
C
“His blue eyes are like lasers in the night.”
D
“The porch turns blue, ultraviolet.”
7

Read the excerpt from Fast Food Nation. The restaurant opens for business at seven o’clock, and for the next hour or so, Elisa and the manager hold down the fort, handling all the orders. As the place starts to get busy, other employees arrive. Elisa works behind the counter. She takes orders and hands food to customers from breakfast through lunch. When she finally walks home, after seven hours of standing at a cash register, her feet hurt. She’s wiped out. She comes through the front door, flops onto the living room couch, and turns on the TV. And the next morning she gets up at 5:15 again and starts the same routine.How does the description of Elisa’s daily routine support the author’s claim that the fast food industry seeks out teenage employees?

A
It provides anecdotal evidence of a teenage fast food employee living like an adult.
B
It provides analogical evidence to compare the efficiency of teenagers and adults.
C
It provides statistical evidence of what an average fast food employee experiences.
D
It provides testimonial evidence to describe employee abuse in the fast food industry.
8

Read the paragraph from a student’s critical analysis essay.In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson talks about independence through his use of big words and fancy argument skills. First, Jefferson states his thesis, which makes it seem important that the colonists get independence. Next, Jefferson gives evidence against the king of England and how he mistreats the American colonies. Finally, Jefferson suggests that colonists should stop paying taxes and fight, which is the obvious answer to the colonists’ problems.What is the best way for the student to revise the essay?

A
The student should replace familiar language with more accessible language.
B
The student should replace scholarly language with informal language.
C
The student should replace formal language with more familiar language.
D
The student should replace informal language with formal language.
9

Read the excerpt from Dr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail.”The other force is one of bitterness and hatred, and it comes perilously close to advocating violence. It is expressed in the various black nationalist groups that are springing up across the nation.Why does the author include these sentences?

A
to predict the future of his group’s actions
B
to recall the harsh actions of law enforcement
C
to encourage understanding of Black nationalists
D
to provide a contrast to his group’s nonviolent efforts
10

Read the excerpt from Brown v. Board of Education.Reargument was largely devoted to the circumstances surrounding the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868.The Supreme Court studies the Fourteenth Amendment to determine

A
the primary authors of the document.
B
whether its intent has been compromised.
C
how it has been interpreted in each state.
D
whether it needs to be repealed.
11

Read the excerpt from Dr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail.”The Negro has many pent up resentments and latent frustrations, and he must release them. How does King conclude this claim?

A
by stating the inevitability of violent protests
B
by urging White leaders to release him from jail
C
by encouraging White leaders to allow nonviolent protests
D
by persuading his followers to break laws and create unrest
12

Which statement best compares the structure of "Harlem" and "The Weary Blues"?

A
“Harlem” is short and happy, while “The Weary Blues” is longer and lyrical.
B
“Harlem” is short and urgent, while “The Weary Blues” is longer and lyrical.
C
“Harlem” is short and content, while “The Weary Blues” is longer and unhappy.
D
“Harlem” is short and curious, while “The Weary Blues” is longer and unhappy.
13

Read the excerpt from Amy Tan’s essay “Mother Tongue.”I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mother’s “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is, because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect.Which phrase from the excerpt uses informal English?

A
“limited my perception”
B
“her English reflected the quality”
C
“she expressed them imperfectly”
D
“when I was growing up”
14

Read the excerpt from Flannery O’Connor’s “The Life You Save May Be Your Own.”Mr. Shiftlet was so shocked that for about a hundred feet he drove along slowly with the door stiff open. A cloud, the exact color of the boy’s hat and shaped like a turnip, had descended over the sun, and another, worse looking, crouched behind the car. Mr. Shiftlet felt that the rottenness of the world was about to engulf him. He raised his arm and let it fall again to his breast. “Oh Lord!” he prayed. “Break forth and wash the slime from this earth!”The turnip continued slowly to descend. After a few minutes there was a guffawing peal of thunder from behind and fantastic raindrops, like tin-can tops, crashed over the rear of Mr. Shiftlet’s car.Which is a metaphor?

A
The turnip continued slowly to descend.
B
...raindrops, like tin-can drops, crashed over the rear of Mr. Shiflet’s car.
C
Mr. Shiftlet felt that the rottenness of the world was about to engulf him.
D
He raised his arm and let it fall again to his breast.
15

Read the excerpt from Leslie Marmon Silko’s story "The Man to Send Rain Clouds."They found him [Teofilo] under a big cottonwood tree. His Levi jacket and pants were faded light blue so that he had been easy to find. . . . He had been dead for a day or more, and the sheep had wandered and scattered up and down the arroyo. . . . . Ken came sliding down the low, crumbling bank about fifty yards down, and he was bringing the red blanket. . . . ."Send us rain clouds, Grandfather." They laid the bundle in the back of the pickup and covered it with a heavy tarp before they started back to the pueblo.They turned off the highway onto the sandy pueblo road. Not long after they passed the store and post office they saw Father Paul's car coming toward them. When he recognized their faces he slowed his car and waved for them to stop. The young priest rolled down the car window."Did you find old Teofilo?" he asked loudly.Leon stopped the truck. "Good morning, Father. We were just out to the sheep camp. Everything is O.K. now.""Thank God for that. Teofilo is a very old man. You really shouldn't allow him to stay at the sheep camp alone.""No, he won't do that any more now.""Well, I'm glad you understand. I hope I'll be seeing you at Mass this week—we missed you last Sunday. See if you can get old Teofilo to come with you." The priest smiled and waved at them as they drove away.What does this dialogue reveal about the priest’s standing within the community?

A
He is a trusted leader of the tribe.
B
He is considered to be an outsider.
C
He is a spiritual guide to the people.
D
He is disliked by most of the people.
16

Read the sentence.The president of the company was attending the mandatory sales meeting.Which type of phrase or clause is underlined in the sentence?

A
noun clause
B
verb phrase
C
adjectival phrase
D
adverbial clause
17

Which excerpt from ”First Generation” of Dreaming in Cuban is the best example of magic realism?

A
Celia del Pino, equipped with binoculars and wearing her best housedress and drop pearl earrings, sits in her wicker swing guarding the north coast of Cuba.
B
Her grandson appears in the doorway, his pajama top twisted off his shoulders, his eyes vacant with sleep.
C
Her husband emerges from the light and comes toward her, taller than the palms, walking on water in his white summer suit and Panama hat.
D
For many years before the revolution, Jorge had traveled five weeks out of six, selling electric brooms and portable fans for an American firm.
18

Read the excerpt from "Mother Tongue."Lately, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” or “fractured” English. But I wince when I say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no other way to describe it other than “broken,” as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness and soundness. What can be inferred from the excerpt?

A
Tan is embarrassed by the nonstandard form of English that her mother speaks.
B
Tan believes that nonstandard forms of English are legitimate languages in their own right.
C
Tan wishes that she did not have to think about the English that her mother speaks.
D
Tan is angry that people are not taught nonstandard English languages in school.
19

What is the speaker in "The Weary Blues" attempting to convey in his description of the scene?

A
a criticism of the nightclub atmosphere
B
a concern for overworked performers
C
a knowledge of new musical genres
D
a celebration of personal expression
20

Read the excerpt from "Mother Tongue."Lately, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” or “fractured” English. But I wince when I say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no other way to describe it other than “broken,” as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness and soundness. How does Tan build a central idea of her story in the excerpt?

A
Tan discusses her thoughts about language to build the idea that the English language does not have words to match some Chinese terms.
B
Tan discusses her relationship with her mother to build the idea that mothers and daughters in all cultures often have misunderstandings.
C
Tan discusses her mother’s use of English to build the idea that a form of language can be purposeful and meaningful even if it is nonstandard.
D
Tan discusses the English language to build the idea that there is a lack of appropriate synonyms for the word “broken.”

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