AnswersPMHS Biology I Q2Cell Differentiation and Specialization

Cell Differentiation and Specialization — Cumulative exam Answers

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1
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What is the next step in the process after a substrate enters the active site of an enzyme?

A
The chemical reaction occurs.
B
New substances called products are formed.
C
The enzyme and the substrate bind to form the enzyme-substrate complex.
D
The enzyme and the products bind to form the enzyme-products complex.
2
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How many homologous chromosome alignments are possible for independent assortment during meiosis?

A
one
B
two
C
three
D
four
3

Which factor can decrease the rate of a chemical reaction?

A
low activation energy
B
high pressure
C
low temperature
D
high concentration of enzyme
4

Sucrose is made of which simple sugars?

A
glucose and fructose
B
fructose and galactose
C
galactose and cellulose
D
cellulose and glucose
5

Under certain external conditions, a person will perspire a great deal. For which internal condition does this response primarily provide homeostasis?

A
water balance
B
electrolyte balance
C
temperature balance
D
energy balance
6

Drinking too much water during exercise can cause a condition in which the concentration of sodium in the blood is lower than normal. What immediate response would the blood cells have in this condition?

A
Cells swell as water moves into them.
B
Cells swell as water moves out of them.
C
Cells shrivel as water moves out of them.
D
Cells shrivel as water moves into them.
7

Which are produced as a result of meiosis?

A
zygotes
B
chromosomes
C
tetrads
D
gametes
8

Which term refers to a solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell?

A
hypertonic
B
hypotonic
C
equitonic
D
isotonic
9

How does the cell wall protect a plant cell?

A
The cell wall protects the cell by providing support and maintaining the cell's shape.
B
The cell wall protects the cell by storing food so the plant doesn't run out.
C
The cell wall is thin and flexible, which allows the cell to be moved without harming the organelles.
D
The cell wall is on the inside of the cell and serves to contain the contents of the cell.
10

During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid?

A
electron transport chain
B
glycolysis
C
Krebs cycle
D
acetyl CoA formation
11

Which element is most important for adding strength to hair, feathers, and outer skin?

A
oxygen
B
hydrogen
C
sulfur
D
phosphorus
12

A zygote consists of how many cells?

A
one
B
two
C
four or five
D
eight or ten
13

How were Redi’s and Pasteur’s experiments different?

A
Redi studied broth, but Pasteur tested meat.
B
Pasteur studied flies, but Redi tested meat.
C
Pasteur tested for microorganisms, but Redi studied larger organisms.
D
Redi tested for microorganisms, but Pasteur studied larger organisms.
14

Which organisms in the chart can produce ATP by photosynthesis?OrganismCells contain chloroplastsAlgaeXAmoebas Mushrooms Oak treesXBermuda grassX

A
All of these organisms produce ATP by photosynthesis.
B
None of these organisms produce ATP by photosynthesis.
C
Only amoebas and mushrooms produce ATP by photosynthesis.
D
Only algae, oak trees, and Bermuda grass produce ATP by photosynthesis.
15

Mitosis is divided into phases.Which phase of mitosis is shown in the diagram?

Question illustration
A
anaphase
B
metaphase
C
telophase
D
prophase
16

What happens to excess carbohydrates in animals?

A
They are stored as fat.
B
They are stored as protein.
C
They are stored in nucleic acids.
D
They are stored as sugar.
17

Which statement best describes the molecular structure of protein, along with one of the functions of proteins?

A
It is a straight chain hydrocarbon that can help fight disease.
B
It is a complex, folded chain that helps regulate cell processes.
C
It is a simple carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecule that creates movement.
D
It is a chain of nucleotides, and forms muscle, bone, and ligaments.
18

Which statement best describes the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids?

A
Proteins read the instructions that are contained in nucleic acids.
B
Nucleic acids synthesize the amino acids for protein construction.
C
Nucleic acids provide the blueprint for the construction of proteins.
D
Proteins are composed of nucleic acids.
19

Which best describes what happens to ATP during photosynthesis?

A
ATP is produced and then used to produce glucose.
B
ATP is broken down and then not used again.
C
ATP is formed and remains unchanged in the chloroplast.
D
ATP is changed to ADP and then moved to the cytoplasm.
20

If the endoplasmic reticulum were removed from the cell, which organelle would not be able to function properly, and why?

A
mitochondria, because they rely on the ER as an energy source
B
ribosomes, because they receive proteins made by the ER
C
Golgi apparatus, because it packages proteins received from the ER
D
cytoplasm, because it relies on the ER for structural support

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