AnswersPA-Science 8 Q1Radiation

Radiation — Cumulative exam Answers

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These models show the electron structures of two different nonmetal elements.

Question illustration
A
Element 1 is more reactive because it has fewer electron shells and is toward the top of its group on the periodic table.
B
Element 1 is more reactive because it has more electrons in its valence shell and is farther to the right on the periodic table.
C
Element 2 is more reactive because it does not have a valence shell close to the nucleus, so it will attract electrons.
D
Element 2 is more reactive because it does not have a full valence shell, so it will attract electrons.
2
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Which is the property of nonmetals to evaporate easily?

A
brittle
B
dense
C
liquid
D
volatile
3

Which is an example of potential energy?

A
a swimmer kicking their legs
B
a car driving on the road
C
an arrow flying at a target
D
a yo-yo in someone’s hand
4

Which statement summarizes the difference between mass and weight?

A
Mass is the downward pull on an object due to gravity, and weight is the amount of matter in an object.
B
Mass is the amount of matter in an object, and weight is the downward pull on an object due to gravity.
C
Mass is measured in newtons, and weight is measured in pounds.
D
Mass is measured in pounds, and weight is measured in newtons.
5

What was Johann Dobereiner’s contribution to the development of the periodic table?

A
He arranged the elements according to increasing atomic mass.
B
He arranged the elements according to increasing atomic number.
C
He identified triads of elements that had similar properties.
D
He organized elements into four groups based on their properties.
6

Which type of reaction is Mg + S → MgS?

A
polymerization
B
synthesis
C
replacement
D
decomposition
7

Which best describes what is made of matter?

A
all living things and objects
B
all atoms
C
all solid objects and atoms
D
all living things
8

Allison drew a diagram to illustrate radiation.

Question illustration
A
X: MatterY: Empty space
B
X: Large massY: Small mass
C
X: HotY: Cold
D
X: EarthY: Sun
9

The total energy in a system is 675 J. The kinetic energy changes from 296 J to 432 J. Which statement best describes the potential energy of this system?

A
It changes from 296 J to 432 J.
B
It changes from 379 J to 243 J.
C
It changes from 432 J to 296 J.
D
It changes from 243 J to 379 J.
10

The first chart shows the effect of the normal breakdown of material from reactants to products. The second chart shows the same reaction but with an added modification.

Question illustration
A
Reaction A has an enzyme.
B
Reaction B has an enzyme.
C
Reaction A has an inhibitor.
D
Reaction B has an inhibitor.
11

Mora measures the speed of the particles in a solid mass. She wants to speed up the action. Which action will allow her to do so?

A
adding more mass
B
breaking it apart
C
using an inhibitor
D
lowering the activation energy
12

What best describes the states of nonmetals when they are at room temperature?

A
Most nonmetals are gaseous, but some are liquid or solid.
B
All nonmetals are gaseous unless they bond with a metal.
C
Most nonmetals are solids, but some are gaseous or liquid.
D
All nonmetals are solid unless they bond with a metal.
13

Which condition must be met for conduction to occur?

A
particles must be large
B
particles must be small
C
particles must be in contact
D
particles must be spread apart
14

Sonya is studying a nonmetal element. She learns that the element is like other elements in its group because it can bond to form a salt or an acid. She also learns that the element is the most reactive element in its group. Which element is Sonya most likely studying?

A
sulfur (S)
B
neon (Ne)
C
fluorine (F)
D
iodine (I)
15

Shiloh wanted to observe the changes that occurred during an exothermic reaction. He monitored the changes and placed them in a chart. Which statement best describes his data?

Question illustration
A
The activation energy was reached at 10:45 a.m. Without the additional energy, the reaction would have stopped.
B
The activation energy was reached at 11:15 a.m. The previous change was the threshold point for a reaction.
C
The activation energy was reached at 10:15 a.m. The additional energy allowed for a lower activity level.
D
The activation energy was reached was 10:45 a.m. The additional energy did not affect the reaction.
16

Isra is analyzing the properties of several samples of elements to find out which sample is a metalloid. Which set of properties most likely belongs only to a metalloid?

A
forms basic compounds and is a solid
B
has a high luster and is very brittle
C
is a gas and has low electrical conductivity
D
is brittle and forms acidic compounds
17

Why is matter so diverse in its properties and characteristics?

A
Different combinations of various atoms result in a wide range of matter.
B
When atoms are split, new matter will be created.
C
Matter consists of various atoms that are chemically identical.
D
The size of atoms in matter depends on their temperature.
18

Which occurs when a warm fluid cools down?

A
Energy is released to the environment.
B
Energy is absorbed from the environment.
C
The density of the fluid decreases.
D
The mass of the fluid decreases.
19

Uranium is a type of atom. In special circumstances that usually involve high amounts of energy, uranium can be broken. When this occurs, different pieces of the original atom remain, including a substance called plutonium.Which statement most likely describes plutonium?

A
It will still be uranium, just smaller pieces of uranium.
B
It must no longer be a form of matter.
C
It must be a different kind of atom.
D
It will be different than, but have the same properties as, uranium.
20

Which material would result in the least amount of energy transfer?

A
A reflector that is dark in color and smooth.
B
An absorber that is light in color and rough.
C
An absorber that is dark in color and rough.
D
A reflector that is light in color and smooth.

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