Development of Scientific Knowledge Answers

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Why do scientists try to repeat other scientists’ experiments?

A
to test if the instruments in their labs are working properly
B
to practice following the procedures
C
to try to improve the first scientist’s work
D
to see if the original results are reproducible
2
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Which statement best explains the relationship between science and technology?

A
Advances in technology lead to advances in science, which lead to advances in technology.
B
New technology must be developed before new scientific discoveries can be made.
C
New discoveries in science must be made before new technologies can be developed.
D
New developments in technology are not followed by a period of scientific discovery.
3

Which career field is an applied science?

A
geology
B
biotechnology
C
physics
D
chemistry
4

Which statement about technology is true?

A
Technology improves a scientist’s ability to make observations.
B
Technology does not have any effect on a scientist’s work.
C
Technology is necessary for scientists to perform experiments.
D
Technology only helps scientists analyze data and write reports.
5

A scientist noticed that a dark-colored peppered moth is more visible on a light-colored background than a light-colored peppered moth. He wonders, “Does this difference in visibility affect the survival rate of dark moths?” Which part of the scientific method does he need to carry out next?

A
Pose a question.
B
Form a hypothesis.
C
Interpret data.
D
Form a conclusion.
6

What is one way that early scientific practice differed from modern scientific practice?

A
Early hypotheses were not based on observations.
B
Early hypotheses were not tested by experimentation.
C
Early hypotheses were formed from scientific questions.
D
Early hypotheses were influenced by creative thinking.
7

In 1970, Hamilton Smith isolated the first restriction enzyme. Restriction enzymes are used to cut strands of DNA at specific points. This discovery led to the development of recombinant DNA, which is widely used in several scientific industries to produce proteins and hormones more cheaply and in much larger quantities than earlier methods. The change in scientific knowledge caused by Smith’s discovery most directly affected which sector of society?

A
technology
B
commerce
C
government
D
education
8

A scientist who conducted an experiment obtained an unexpected result. What will she most likely do with the unexpected result?

A
leave it out of her analysis and final report
B
stop the experiment and begin again
C
change the procedures and try again
D
develop a new question to be investigated
9

Why is the scientific method described as nonlinear?

A
The steps of the scientific method are repeated in a cycle.
B
Scientists often repeat one or more steps several times.
C
Sometimes scientists forget to perform some of the steps.
D
The steps can be performed only once but in any order.
10

A student conducted an experiment with two rose plants to determine if a liquid formula for fertilizer produced greater growth than a dry formula. After testing each fertilizer on two different plants for one month, his data led to the conclusion that the liquid formula was a better promoter of plant growth. When he described his conclusion to his teacher, she told him he needed to conduct additional trials. The teacher most likely asked for additional trials because

A
she did not believe the new formula helped plants grow better than the old formula.
B
it was necessary to see data from more plants before the conclusion could be accepted.
C
it was necessary to have tested the fertilizer on different kinds of plants.
D
she thought he should test additional fertilizer formulas on the same two plants.
11

Which is an example of science playing a role in developing technology?

A
the use of an electric spark to produce amino acids from gases that are present in Earth’s early atmosphere
B
the discovery that Penicillium mold produces a substance that prevents bacterial growth
C
the improvement in lens-grinding technology, which led to the discovery of cells in cork
D
the discovery that microwaves can pop corn, which led to the creation of microwave ovens
12

Gregor Mendel is referred to as the father of which classical science?

A
genetics
B
bioethics
C
botany
D
horticulture
13

Which hypothesis is testable?

A
Plants that are grown by using brand A fertilizer taste best.
B
Plants that have flowers look prettier than plants that do not have flowers.
C
Plants will eventually die off if global warming trends continue.
D
Plants make more sugar on sunny days than on cloudy days.
14

Biology and geology are two very different sciences, but biologists and geologists use scientific knowledge in the same way. These scientists both use scientific knowledge to

A
answer questions and solve problems affecting the natural world.
B
investigate the chemical composition of the Earth’s different layers.
C
observe and classify living organisms into groups.
D
explain the rituals and traditions of human cultures.
15

A scientist performed an experiment to test her hypothesis that a disease in horses was caused by a deficiency in an important mineral. The results did not support her hypothesis. However, some of her data showed an important change in one hormone. The scientist knew that the hormone was related to a different mineral, so she formed a new hypothesis. What is the most logical step for the scientist to take next?

A
Design an experiment to test the new hypothesis.
B
Pose a new question to be answered.
C
Replace the old hypothesis with the new hypothesis.
D
Draw new conclusions to fit the new hypothesis.
16

Data must be considered valid for scientists to trust conclusions. Which is the best way to increase the validity of data in an experiment?

A
Get many scientists' opinions of the data.
B
Measure data in SI units.
C
Carry out two or fewer trials.
D
Record only the most significant observations.

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