AnswersBiology HB1416 Macromolecules Catalysts Week 5Diagnostic PreTest

Diagnostic PreTest Answers

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A student wonders whether removing the nucleus from a cell would result in a new prokaryotic cell. Why would this procedure fail to produce a prokaryotic cell?

A
The cell would lack genetic information.
B
The cell would lack the structure that is needed to produce energy.
C
The cell would lack the structure that is needed to protect the cell’s organelles.
D
The cell would lack control over materials that move into and out of the cell.
2
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James is making models of plant and animal cells using objects supplied by his teacher to represent organelles. For one cell, he will place the objects in a shoebox. First he fills a balloon with water and places it in the shoe box. He also drops a handful of marbles into the box. Which statement most likely describes the structures he has represented so far?

A
He is making an animal cell. The box is the cell membrane, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the endoplasmic reticulum.
B
He is making a plant cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the tiny ribosomes.
C
He is making a plant cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the nucleus. The marbles are the centrioles.
D
He could be making either a plant or animal cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the centrioles.
3

A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?

A
The cell is prokaryotic because it contains ribosomes.
B
The cell is prokaryotic because it contains mitochondria.
C
The cell is eukaryotic because it contains ribosomes.
D
The cell is eukaryotic because it contains mitochondria.
4

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched.Functions of OrganellesOrganelleFunctionLysosomeStores water and waste materialsVacuoleBreaks down sugarsMitochondrion Breaks down waste materials and debrisRibosomeProduces proteins for the cellWhich organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

A
lysosome
B
vacuole
C
mitochondrion
D
ribosome
5

Which cell structure serves the stated function in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A
nucleus: stores genetic material
B
cytoplasm: protects cell structures
C
ribosomes: regulate cell processes
D
DNA: surrounds cell contents
6

If the endoplasmic reticulum were removed from the cell, which organelle would not be able to function properly, and why?

A
mitochondria, because they rely on the ER as an energy source
B
ribosomes, because they receive proteins made by the ER
C
Golgi apparatus, because it packages proteins received from the ER
D
cytoplasm, because it relies on the ER for structural support
7

An animal cell (left) and a plant cell (right) are shown.Which two cell parts are most likely found in both types of cell?

Question illustration
A
cell wall and cell membrane
B
lysosome and vacuole
C
vacuole and centriole
D
lysosome and chloroplast
8

Which is an example of why the process of photosynthesis is important to life on Earth?

A
Grass uses photosynthesis to produce glucose, which is used within the grass for growth.
B
Fungi use photosynthesis to decompose dead and decaying plant matter.
C
Ectothermic animals use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy for cell functions.
D
Green plants use photosynthesis to remove oxygen gas from the atmosphere and replenish the earth’s carbon dioxide.
9

At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle does mitosis occur?

A
before the G1 phase
B
after the G2 phase
C
following the S phase
D
after the G0 phase
10

Gene expression within the body is controlled by the cells, which determine when a specific gene should or should not be expressed. Influenza (the flu) is caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory system. Which type of gene is likely to be widely expressed in the body of someone who contracts the influenza virus?

A
The gene that controls production of stem cells.
B
The gene that controls production of skin cells.
C
The gene that controls production of red blood cells.
D
The gene that controls production of white blood cells.
11

Which two substances bind using a lock-and-key mechanism?

A
enzyme and substrate
B
reactant and substrate
C
substrate and product
D
reactant and product
12

Consider the cell structure that is shown below.Which is a function of the structure that is represented in the image?

Question illustration
A
controls the movement of substances into and out of cells
B
builds proteins from amino acids
C
helps in determining plant cell shape
D
provides support and protection
13

Which statement best describes the relationship of photosynthesis and energy?

A
The process of photosynthesis is energy-storing because the process converts light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds of glucose.
B
The process of photosynthesis is energy-releasing because the process converts light energy into free energy that can be used for cell functions.
C
The process of photosynthesis is energy-conserving because no energy is used throughout the process of forming glucose and oxygen molecules.
D
The process of photosynthesis is energy-wasting because photosynthesis is an inefficient process that depletes the cell of energy stored in the bonds of glucose.
14

Which best describes the importance of mitosis to living organisms?

A
genetic variation and growth
B
growth and development
C
development and sexual reproduction
D
sexual reproduction and genetic variation
15

Which best explains why viruses do not have special structures or enzymes that allow them to make their own food?

A
Viruses can use energy of living cells that they infect.
B
Viruses can replicate inside a host that they infect.
C
Viruses can cause contagious illnesses in host cells.
D
Viruses integrate their RNA or DNA into infected cells.
16

Which statement describes how enzymes and substrates are related?

A
The enzyme influences the speed of change from substrate to product.
B
Enzymes are released as substrates in a chemical reaction.
C
An enzyme is a special kind of substrate in a chemical reaction.
D
Substrates combine with enzymes to form reactants.
17

Drinking too much water during exercise can cause a condition in which the concentration of sodium in the blood is lower than normal. What immediate response would the blood cells have in this condition?

A
Cells swell as water moves into them.
B
Cells swell as water moves out of them.
C
Cells shrivel as water moves out of them.
D
Cells shrivel as water moves into them.
18

Consider the stage of cellular respiration that is shown in the diagram.What is the net ATP gain at this stage of cellular respiration?

Question illustration
A
2
B
4
C
32
D
36
19

Which of the steps in this sequence of events is an example of mitosis at work?

A
A baseball hits the arm of a baseball player.
B
The player reacts quickly grabbing his arm.
C
A bruise forms where the ball hit the arm.
D
The bruise slowly disappears as the arm heals.
20

Consider the diagram that depicts the lysogenic and lytic cycles. In which step of the diagram does the virus release a protein that causes the cell wall to burst?

Question illustration
A
step C
B
step D
C
step E
D
step F

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