Explain how the discoveries by Rosalind Franklin helped Watson and Crick build an accurate model of DNA.
Franklin's image and measurements revealed DNA's double-helix structure, the location of the phosphate backbone and bases, and the dimensions of the helix. Watson and Crick used this information to build an accurate model of DNA.
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Explain the roles of mRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis.
mRNA is transcribed from DNA and carries the genetic instructions to the ribosome. The nucleotides in mRNA are read as codons that code for amino acids. tRNA matches its anticodons to the mRNA codons and brings the correct amino acids so they can be joined to make a protein.
Explain how the discoveries by Rosalind Franklin helped Watson and Crick build an accurate model of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction image (Photo 51) provided evidence that DNA is shaped like a double helix. Her work showed that the sugar-phosphate backbone was on the outside and the nitrogenous bases were on the inside. She also provided precise measurements, such as the diameter of the helix and distance between bases, which Watson and Crick used to construct their accurate 3D model.
Explain the roles of mRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis.
mRNA is transcribed from DNA and carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome. The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA identifies which amino acids should be linked together. tRNA then translates the mRNA sequence by carrying the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome to build the protein.
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