AnswersRMA FL-2100310-United States History Semester 2The Arms Race and the Space Race

Early Civil Rights Efforts Answers

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1
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Recall the circumstances surrounding A. Philip Randolph’s statement at left.What was Randolph calling for?

A
an organized effort to take action to meet African Americans’ needs
B
a boycott of Major League Baseball games
C
a refusal by African Americans to serve in the US military
2
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When A. Philip Randolph first approached President Roosevelt in 1940, he was seeking

A
the desegregation of the United States military.
B
an end to discrimination in industries involved in producing goods for the war effort.
C
more combat positions for African American soldiers.
3

In the end, Roosevelt agreed to Randolph’s request and issued Executive Order 8802, which forbade discrimination in defense industries.Roosevelt did this because

A
Randolph’s march on Washington was highly successful.
B
the military feared an African American boycott.
C
Roosevelt feared any disruption in the nation’s efforts to prepare for war.
4

Which of the following statements best describes the contributions of the Tuskegee Airmen, who served in World War II?

A
They demonstrated the effectiveness of nonviolent protest against discriminatory practices.
B
They demonstrated the fighting capabilities of African Americans.
C
They demonstrated how difficult it would be for African Americans to overcome discrimination in the military.
5

President Truman’s Executive Order 9981

A
officially recognized the accomplishments of African Americans during World War
B
reversed the wartime policy established by Roosevelt’s Executive Order 8802.
C
called for an end to the segregation of American armed forces.
6

Which of the following were reasons for the segregation of professional baseball?Check all of the boxes that apply.

A
Some white owners feared that white fans would not pay to watch African Americans.
B
Some white players were unwilling to play with or against African Americans.
C
African Americans and whites had difficulty traveling together in some areas of the country.
D
All African Americans did not want to play with white players.
7

Choose the correct phrase to complete the sentence.Branch Rickey selected Jackie Robinson as the player to desegregate baseball because he was

A
known as a tough man who would fight against racism.
B
known as a meek man who would never challenge racist actions or people.
C
known as a strong man who would handle racism with dignity.
8

When Jackie Robinson broke the color line in professional baseball,

A
he was welcomed enthusiastically nearly everywhere.
B
he received threats, abuse, and harsh treatment, even from other teams.
C
other players and fans barely noticed.
9

Read the quotation on the left, then use it to complete the following sentence.This statement reflects the

A
support Robinson received from Major League Baseball.
B
harsh treatment Robinson received from Major League Baseball.
C
resentment Robinson received from the Negro baseball leagues.
10

Which of the following statements describe conclusions that could be drawn from Jackie Robinson’s breaking of the color line in professional baseball?Check all of the boxes that apply.

A
African Americans could compete on the baseball field.
B
Racism could block progress.
C
Racism could be overcome.
D
Other sports could be desegregated.
E
Separate was sometimes equal.
11

Sweatt v. Painter (1950) represented the NAACP’s attempt to focus on segregation in which area?

A
The military
B
Public education
C
Public transportation
12

The case of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) dealt with the

A
denial of graduate school admission to an African American student and their on campus treatment.
B
separation and isolation of African American students within a school.
C
treatment given to African American students at an integrated graduate school.
13

The ruling in McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents suggested that African Americans

A
should have separate but truly equal schools.
B
deserve an equal place and equal treatment in public education.
C
cannot be denied admission to graduate schools based on race
14

In this lesson, you have read about three different types of challenges to segregation and about the desegregation of three areas of American society. In a short paragraph of five to seven sentences, describe which area you think was most important and why. Include details from the lesson.

Answer:

I believe that the desegregation of public education was the most important development in the early civil rights movement. The Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education served as a major turning point because it struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine established decades earlier. This legal challenge was more significant than others because it targeted systemic inequality within every community across the country. By requiring schools to integrate, the government established a precedent that racial discrimination was unconstitutional and could no longer be ignored by state governments. This change provided the legal framework that activists later used to challenge segregation in public transportation and housing. Furthermore, integrated schools allowed for the social barriers between races to begin breaking down at a young age. Ultimately, desegregating schools provided the necessary foundation for the broader civil rights achievements of the 1960s.

15

Check your answer using this checklist.Which of the following did your answer include? Check any of the boxes that apply.

A
Five to seven sentences
B
Examples from the lesson
C
A discussion of the desegregation of the armed forces
D
A discussion of the desegregation of baseball
E
A discussion of the desegregation of professional or graduate-level schools

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