Energy Transfer Answers

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1
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Energy in most ecosystems must flow through autotrophs because ______.

A
only autotrophs can convert solar energy into chemical energy
B
autotrophs are simpler organisms than heterotrophs
C
heterotrophs only generate a small fraction of their energy from photosynthesis.
D
all of the above
2
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The energy value listed for foods refers to the _______.

A
total amount of chemical energy in the food
B
amount of energy available as fuel for the body
C
total nutritional value of the food
D
amount of carbohydrates
4

Ecosystem productivity is principally limited by _______.

A
sunlight and nutrient availability
B
water and nutrient availability
C
the availability of time and nutrients
D
none of the above
5

Which of the following is not true concerning the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

A
Most solar energy is used in photosynthesis.
B
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are performed by plants.
C
Not all solar energy is used for photosynthesis.
D
Most of the energy from photosynthesis flows out as heat.
6

When sunlight strikes Earth, approximately _______.

A
30% is reflected back into space
B
70% is reflected back into space
C
50% is absorbed by the atmosphere
D
80% is absorbed by land and oceans
8

Which of the following is not true about energy in ecosystems?

A
Energy is transferred between organisms.
B
Energy is recycled after flowing through ecosystems.
C
Most energy enters ecosystems as sunlight.
D
Ecosystems require a continuous influx of new energy.
10

Which individual would be the safest from a lightening strike?

A
a person standing 8 miles away
B
a person on a bike 8 miles away
C
a person in a tent 8 miles away
D
a person in a house 8 miles away
12

Explain why lightning strikes can be dangerous even when an individual is not directly struck.

Answer:

Lightning strikes are dangerous whether an individual is or is not in the path of the discharge. The current propagated by a lightning strike is actually what is harmful and the current can pass through the ground after striking. This means that even near-misses can be dangerous as the current travels through the ground.

14

Which individual would be the safest from a lightening strike?

A
a person standing 8 miles away
B
a person on a bike 8 miles away
C
a person in a tent 8 miles away
D
a person in a house 8 miles away
15

Which of the following best describes the solar radiation absorbed by and radiated from earth?

A
Most incoming solar energy is absorbed by the atmosphere.
B
Only a small fraction of energy radiating from Earth is from the atmosphere.
C
The Earth’s surface is responsible for a small fraction of heat radiation to space.
D
Earth’s surface absorbs little of the energy that strikes as solar radiation.
16

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17

Which of the following best describes the fate of energy in ecosystems?

A
It will ultimately be recycled back into the ecosystem.
B
It flows from secondary consumers to primary consumers.
C
It enters most ecosystems in the form of sunlight.
D
It flows through and is used by ecosystems.
18

Energy in most ecosystems must flow through autotrophs because ______.

A
only autotrophs can convert solar energy into chemical energy
B
autotrophs are simpler organisms than heterotrophs
C
heterotrophs only generate a small fraction of their energy from photosynthesis.
D
all of the above
19

Explain why energy in most ecosystems must flow from the sun, then to autotrophs and finally to heterotrophs, in that order.

Answer:

Most of the energy in ecosystems enters as sunlight, so it is the principal source of energy for the biosphere. Autotrophs are organisms that can convert sunlight, solar radiation, into chemical energy that they and other organisms can use. Heterotrophs cannot utilize sunlight directly to make their food, so energy can only flow to them after passing through autotrophs.

20

Heterotrophs convert solar energy into chemical energy.

A
T
B
F

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