AnswersPBCSD_Grade_Forgiveness_2001340_Environmental_Science_S1_2020Unit Test

Evaluating Scientific Explanations Answers

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Terrence claims that a new species of bacteria should be placed on the list of bacteria that cause infectious diseases. He ran his experiment several times in one day and got the same results. Ben and Frieda also ran his experiment multiple times themselves. They never got the same results that Terrence did.

A
It is invalid because it could not stand up to experimentation.
B
It is valid because only one person needs to validate it.
C
It is valid because he did the experiment multiple times.
D
It is invalid because bacteria are always changing.
2
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Which source would be the least reliable?

A
a nonfiction book written by a scientist
B
a peer-reviewed scientific journal
C
an encyclopedia
D
an advertisement
3

Lila found a new bacteria that made an antibiotic with the same strength as penicillin, but with less chance of giving people an allergic reaction. She performed a controlled experiment, repeated it many times, and had several others confirm her findings.Which would most likely be her next move?

A
rethinking her experiment
B
getting it peer reviewed
C
increasing the sample size
D
performing multiple trials
4

Justine is a chemist working for a flavor supply company. The company claims that their flavors are all-natural. Justine developed the formula in her lab, making 12 new natural flavors to replace processed flavors. She made sure that every aspect was controlled. She repeated her experiment several times to make sure the formula was correct.

A
It is invalid and was only used to sell flavor.
B
It is valid because it is backed by scientific evidence.
C
It is valid because it was made by the flavor company.
D
It is invalid because Justine is a chemist and not a food scientist.
5

Pedro is submitting an article to be peer reviewed. He is a biologist who found new evidence of climate change.Which would be the best group to review the paper?

A
biologists at the Environmental Protection Agency
B
physics instructors at a major university
C
chemists at the World Health Organization
D
a business that makes solar panels
6

Which would be the most reliable source for information?

A
the Center for Disease Control website
B
Wikipedia, an online publicly edited encyclopedia
C
updates from a Twitter account
D
an editorial on a new drug
7

Aida was reviewing what she learned about peer-reviewed work. She recreated the diagram.Which error did she make, if any?

Question illustration
A
The paper should distributed to the local companies first.
B
The paper is considered accepted research before it is published.
C
The paper cannot be rejected, and it is always accepted.
D
The paper can be returned to the author, and the cycle continues.
8

Which of the following is an example of a strong scientific claim?

A
Some athletes say walking helps your health.
B
A lawyer said a volcano caused the explosion.
C
A university study published in a medical journal showed daily walking improves health.
D
A friend noticed that her plant grew better by the window.
9

Which is a characteristic of a scientific claim?

A
it is supported by a controlled experiment with multiple trials that can be repeated by others
B
it is another way to describe the controlled variables in an experiment
C
it involves an experiment with multiple variables that can be repeated by others
D
it is an if-then statement that predicts the most likely results of an experiment
10

Carla submitted her paper to be peer reviewed. Several of the reviewers had a problem with the way her methods were written.Which would most likely be Carla’s next step?

A
getting rid of the paper and starting a new project
B
fixing the errors and resubmitting it
C
finding people who would publish it as is
D
starting all over from the beginning
11

Which is a characteristic of a scientific claim?

A
it is supported by a controlled experiment with multiple trials that can be repeated by others
B
it is another way to describe the controlled variables in an experiment.
C
it involves an experiment with multiple variables that can be repeated by others
D
it is an if-then statement that predicts the most likely results of an experiment
12

Which must be kept in mind when determining if an explanation is correct?

A
whether people reading the explanation agree
B
the information that is on the Internet
C
that there may be more than one way to interpret data
D
whether a person of authority says it is correct
13

Hector carried out an experiment to see if adding calcium powder to soil made plants grow taller. He took two potted plants and put calcium powder into only one of the pots. He gave each plant the same amount of sunlight and water and measured their growth after five weeks.Based on his results, Hector claimed that calcium powder makes plants grow faster.

A
It is valid because his experiment had clear variables.
B
It is invalid because his sample size is small.
C
It is invalid because his claim is not based in science.
D
It is valid because he is an expert in his field.
14

Which describes the difference between a claim and a scientific claim?

A
Claims are based more on truth than scientific claims are.
B
Anyone can make a claim, but a scientific claim is backed by experimental evidence.
C
Claims are based on evidence and scientific claims are made by scientists.
D
Controlled experiments are used in claims, while scientific claims use multiple trials.

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