AnswersFirst Semester BiologyCellular Respiration

Genetic Code Answers

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1
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In 1953, who developed the model that is shown below?

Question illustration
A
James Watson and Francis Crick
B
Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei
C
Rosalind Franklin
D
Erwin Chargaff
2
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Which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits?

A
genes
B
chromosomes
C
proteins
D
codons
3

Organisms inherit specific traits and characteristics from their parents. Albinism is an inherited disorder that occurs when an organism is unable to produce or distribute melanin. Melanin is a substance in the body that helps determine skin color, hair color, and eye color.Which is the basic unit of heredity that carries the trait of albinism from parent to offspring?

Question illustration
A
base pairs
B
genes
C
proteins
D
codons
4

In which structure is all the genetic information of an organism found?

A
DNA
B
gene
C
codon
D
protein
5

What basic unit of heredity is found on segments of DNA and are passed on from parent to offspring?

A
nucleotide
B
gene
C
phosphate molecule
D
deoxyribose sugar
6

Which bases are found in a strand of DNA?

A
thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
B
guanine, cytosine, uracil, adenine
C
cytosine, glycine, adenine, thymine
D
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
7

As DNA is replicated, which DNA base pair will bond to cytosine?

A
adenine
B
thymine
C
cytosine
D
guanine
8

Which of the following incorrectly matches the term with its location?

A
DNA is found in a chromosome.
B
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a cell.
C
Genes are located in a nucleotide.
D
Nitrogen bases are located in the central rungs of a DNA ladder.
9

According to Chargaff's rule, base pairing in DNA should resemble which of the following?

A
A = T; C = G
B
A = C; T = G
C
A = G; T = U
D
A = U; C = G
10

Which best describes the outcome of DNA replication?

A
The new DNA molecule is identical to the original DNA.
B
The new DNA molecule is synthesized from amino acids.
C
The new DNA molecule has a different number of codons.
D
The new DNA molecule is single-stranded.
11

Who first identified DNA?

A
Rosalind Franklin
B
Erwin Chargaff
C
Friedrich Miescher
D
James Watson
12

What is one benefit of mapping the human genome?

A
locating the chromosomal abnormalities that cause disease
B
having the genomes of every living individual on file
C
choosing the gender or intellectual ability of an unborn child
D
cloning the individuals that comprise a nearly extinct tribe
13

What was Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei’s contribution to our current understanding of the genetic code?

A
discovery of codons
B
discovery and extraction of DNA
C
creation of a model of DNA
D
creation of Photo 51
14

If the same base pairs are used to code for all organisms, why is there so much variation among organisms?

A
The order of the codons differs between organisms.
B
The order of the codons is the same between organisms.
C
The codons in each organism are the same.
D
The codons in each organism differ.
15

In which structure is all the genetic information of an organism found?

A
DNA
B
gene
C
codon
D
protein
16

Rosalind Franklin is famous for which contribution to the study of DNA?

A
creation of an accurate model of DNA structure
B
creation of an X-ray diffraction image of DNA structure
C
identification of a pattern in ratios of DNA bases
D
identification of DNA in bandages that contained pus
17

What basic unit of heredity is found on segments of DNA and are passed on from parent to offspring?

A
nucleotide
B
gene
C
phosphate molecule
D
deoxyribose sugar

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