Which evolutionary innovation helped vertebrates survive and diversify following major environmental changes during the Paleozoic Era?

Amniotic eggs protect the developing embryo and provide it with a self-contained environment, allowing vertebrates to reproduce on land rather than relying on water. This helped vertebrates survive changing conditions and diversify into new land habitats during the Paleozoic Era. Flowers evolved much later, and photosynthesis is not a vertebrate innovation.

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