King Menes upper and lower Egypt, founded the capital city of Memphis, and established the first Egyptian . Egyptian pharaohs, like Menes, were also believed to be gods; this form of government, in which political leaders are also religious figures, is called a .

A government in which political leaders also serve as religious figures is called a theocracy. Since Egyptian pharaohs were believed to be gods, theocracy best completes the sentence. A monarchy is rule by a king or queen, but it does not necessarily combine political and religious authority.

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