Which clues indicate that the students are engaged in a formal discussion? Check all that apply.

A formal discussion is usually organized around a teacher’s question, supported by relevant resources, and focused on an academic topic that benefits from preparation. Answering the teacher’s question and bringing the book being discussed both indicate that the students are prepared and using relevant materials. Shifting to personal matters is not a clue of a formal discussion, and being able to participate without previous knowledge does not show thoughtful preparation.

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