Do the data provide convincing evidence at the α = 0.05 significance level that the new training program will change athletes’ resting heart rate for subjects like the ones in the experiment?Select the appropriate hypotheses for this scenario.

The question asks whether the program will change resting heart rate, so the alternative hypothesis must allow a difference in either direction. For paired measurements, define μdiff as the population mean change in heart rate. The null is no average change (μdiff = 0), and the alternative is a nonzero average change (μdiff ≠ 0), which is choice D.

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