Suppose a 4.0 kg mass of water gained heat and increased in temperature from 10°C to 15°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.186 kJ/kg°C. How much heat was gained by the water?

Use the heat equation Q = mcΔT, where the temperature change is 15°C − 10°C = 5°C. Then Q = (4.0 kg)(4.186 kJ/kg°C)(5°C) = 83.72 kJ, which rounds to 84 kJ. The correct choice is 84 kJ.

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