What is (1 − i)6?

Treat the 6 as an exponent. First, (1 − i)² = 1 − 2i + i² = −2i, since i² = −1. Then (1 − i)⁶ = [(1 − i)²]³ = (−2i)³ = 8i, so the answer is 8i.

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