Which of the following are variables that affect long-term climate change? Select three options.

Long-term climate change is influenced by changes in Earth’s orbit around the Sun, variations in the Sun’s energy output, and concentrations of greenhouse gases. These factors can alter the amount of energy Earth receives or retains over long periods. El Niño and La Niña mainly cause climate variations over shorter timescales, while volcanic eruptions generally have a shorter-lived cooling effect.

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