AnswersGA-GSE Physical Science ANonmetals

Lab: Ionic and Covalent Bonds Answers

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In carbon dioxide (CO2), there are two oxygen atoms for each carbon atom. Each oxygen atom forms a double bond with carbon, so the molecule contains two sets of double bonds.Two sets of double bonds means that the total number of electrons being shared in the molecule is

A
two.
B
four.
C
six.
D
eight.
2
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The compound cyanogen (CN)2 has covalent bonds shown in this diagram.

Question illustration
A
two
B
three
C
six
D
seven
3

Why can a hydrogen atom form a covalent bond without fulfilling the octet rule?

A
Hydrogen’s valence shell can hold only up to two electrons.
B
Hydrogen’s valence shell never needs to be full to be stable.
C
The octet rule only applies to bonds formed by trading electrons.
D
The octet rule only applies to alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
4

Which is most likely a covalent compound?

A
NaCl
B
KCl
C
CuF2
D
CF4
5

Walls made of paraffin wax, a covalent compound, help keep the temperature in a room steady as night changes into day and day into night. What is the most important property of covalent compounds that allows paraffin wax to help keep a room’s temperature level?

A
The wall would not absorb or release any heat energy from the room or outside, so it would not affect the room’s temperature.
B
The wall would not absorb heat during the day, but at night it would release heat that naturally exists inside of most covalent compounds.
C
The wall would absorb extra heat during the day when the sun is out, then release the heat back into the room when the sun goes down.
D
The wall would absorb extra heat during the day, and the wall would hold this heat in so that it cannot absorb any more heat from the night air.
6

Which best describes most covalent compounds?

A
resilient
B
brittle
C
cold
D
warm
7

Covalent bonds can be best described as

A
neutral atoms coming together to share electrons.
B
neutral atoms coming together to create electrons.
C
ionized atoms coming together to trade electrons.
D
ionized atoms coming together to destroy electrons.
8

The compound ethylene (C2H4) is represented by this diagram.

Question illustration
A
Each carbon atom shares two electrons with one hydrogen atom and also shares two electrons with the other carbon atom.
B
Each carbon atom shares four electrons with one hydrogen atom and also shares four electrons with the other carbon atom.
C
One electron is shared between each hydrogen atom and the carbon atom bonded to it, and two electrons are shared between the carbon atoms.
D
Two electrons are shared between each hydrogen atom and the carbon atom bonded to it, and four electrons are shared between the carbon atoms.
9

Phosphorous (P) and chlorine (Cl) bond covalently to form the important industrial compound phosphorous trichloride. The diagrams below show the electron structures of phosphorous and chlorine.Which diagram shows how the covalent bonds most likely form in a phosphorous trichloride molecule?

Question illustration
A
Option
B
Option
C
Option
D
Option
10

Which diagram represents an element that is likely to form covalent bonds?

A
Option
B
Option
C
Option
D
Option
11

For a science fair project about food and chemistry, Bill looks around his kitchen for examples of covalent compounds. What evidence can Bill use in his project to show that water (H2O) acts like other covalent compounds?

A
He can demonstrate that water is a liquid with a definite volume.
B
He can demonstrate that water can be boiled on a simple kitchen stove.
C
He can demonstrate that water can sometimes be used to conduct electricity.
D
He can demonstrate that water can change shape and either be sprayed or poured.
12

What best explains how two oxygen atoms, each with six valence electrons, can bond with each other?

A
One atom can lose two electrons so that the other atom can gain them and have eight valence electrons.
B
One atom can lose four electrons to the environment so that a total of eight valence electrons remains.
C
Each atom can share two electrons with the other so that each atom has eight valence electrons.
D
Each atom can lose two electrons so that there is a total of eight valence electrons between the atoms.
13

The element carbon (C) is most likely to form covalent bonds with the element

A
beryllium (Be).
B
krypton (Kr).
C
selenium (Se).
D
sodium (Na).
14

Which element can join with other elements to form covalent bonds?

A
beryllium (Be)
B
carbon (C)
C
cesium (Cs)
D
iron (Fe)
15

A candle’s wick is the fabric string that holds the flame, and it burns down at a constant slow pace when the candle is lit. The wick is usually surrounded by wax.Which is the most important property of covalent compounds that makes them useful for making candle wax?

A
a low boiling point
B
a low melting point
C
a high boiling point
D
a high melting point

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