AnswersCrowley Credit Recovery Physics AUniversal Law of Gravitation

Lesson 3: Universal Law of Gravitation Answers

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The mass of Mars is 6.42 × 1023 kg. Its moon Phobos is 9378 kilometers away from Mars and has a mass of 1.06 × 1016 kg.

A
5.16 × 1015 N
B
5.16 × 1021 N
C
4.84 × 1022 N
D
4.84 × 1025 N
2
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Which changes would result in a decrease in the gravitational force between two objects? Check all that apply.

A
increasing the distance between the objects
B
decreasing the distance between the objects
C
increasing the mass of one of the objects
D
increasing the mass of both objects
E
decreasing the mass of one of the objects
F
decreasing the mass of both objects
3

Shari uses the data in the table to predict how her weight on Venus would compare with her weight on Earth.Which is the best prediction Shari could make?

Question illustration
A
Her weight is greater on Venus because Venus has less mass.
B
Her weight is lower on Venus because the acceleration due to gravity is lower.
C
Her weight is lower on Earth because it is farther from the Sun.
D
Her weight is greater on Venus because Venus has a smaller diameter.
4

The gravitational force between two objects is 3600 N. What will be the gravitational force between the objects if the mass of each object is reduced to one-third of its original mass?

A
400 N
B
1200 N
C
10,800 N
D
32,400 N
5

Neptune has a mass that is about 17 times the mass of Earth. The distance between the Sun and Neptune is about 30.1 times the distance between the Sun and Earth.If the gravitational force between the Sun and Earth is 3.5 x 1028 N, which is closest to the force between Neptune and the Sun?

A
6 x N
Option A
B
6 x N
Option B
C
6 x N
Option C
D
6 x N
Option D
6

The gravitational force between Pluto and Charon is 3.61 × 1018 N. Pluto has a mass of 1.3 × 1022 kg, which is only slightly greater than Charon’s mass of 1.6 × 1021 kg.

A
2.0 × 107 m
B
2.4 × 1012 m
C
3.8 × 1014 m
D
5.8 × 1024 m
7

How is the gravitational force related to the distance between two objects?

A
It is directly proportional to the square of the distance.
B
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
C
It is directly proportional to the distance.
D
It is inversely proportional to the distance.
8

The acceleration due to gravity on Jupiter is 23.1 m/s2, which is about twice the acceleration due to gravity on Neptune.

A
An object weighs about one-fourth as much on Jupiter as on Neptune.
B
An object weighs about one-half as much on Jupiter as on Neptune.
C
An object weighs about two times as much on Jupiter as on Neptune.
D
An object weighs about four times as much on Jupiter as on Neptune.
9

The gravitational force between two objects is 45,000 N. What will be the gravitational force between the two objects if the distance between the objects is reduced by one-half?

A
11,250 N
B
22,500 N
C
90,000 N
D
180,000 N
10

The universal law of gravitation states that the force of attraction between two objects depends on which quantities?

A
the masses of the objects and their densities
B
the distance between the objects and their shapes
C
the densities of the objects and their shapes
D
the masses of the objects and the distance between them
11

Review the table detailing the mass of Jupiter’s moons and their distance from the planet.

Question illustration
A
Io
B
Europa
C
Ganymede
D
Callisto
12

The image shows a model of the gravitational field around Earth.

Question illustration
A
The field exerts an attractive force only outside of the ring of arrows that point toward Earth’s surface.
B
The field exerts an attractive force only within the ring of arrows that point toward Earth’s surface.
C
The strength of the field increases as you get farther from Earth, as shown by the larger spaces between the circles.
D
The strength of the field increases as you get closer to Earth, as shown by the smaller spaces between the circles.
13

A baseball has a mass of 0.145 kilograms, and a bowling ball has a mass of 6.8 kilograms. What is the gravitational force between them if their centers are 0.5 m apart?

A
1.0 × 10–13 N
B
1.3 × 10–10 N
C
2.6 × 10–10 N
D
1.1 × 10–8 N
14

Which are the effects of gravity on objects on the surface of Earth? Select 2 options.

A
Objects “fall” toward the center of Earth.
B
Objects are pulled by Earth but do not pull on Earth.
C
Objects accelerate at a rate of 9.8 m/s each second.
D
Objects travel at a rate of 9.8 m/s toward the center of Earth.
E
Objects pull on the Earth is much stronger than the Earth’s pull on the object.

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