Answers2003390-Physics 1 Honors Sem. 1 - PetersEarth-Moon-Sun System

Lesson 9.4 Kepler's Laws and Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation Answers

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The mass of the Sun is 2 × 1030 kg, and the distance between Neptune and the Sun is 30 AU. What is the orbital period of Neptune in Earth years?

A
30 Earth years
B
164 Earth years
C
3.8 × 1011 Earth years
D
2.3 × 1017 Earth years
2
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The table shows information about two of the major moons of Uranus.MoonOrbital Period (days)Average Distance from Uranus (km)Miranda0.319129,390Titania 8.71435,910What is the average distance between Miranda and Uranus?

A
2.84 × 104 km
B
1.29 × 105 km
C
1.47 × 106 km
D
4.65 × 107 km
3

If it takes a planet 2.8 × 108 s to orbit a star with a mass of 6.2 × 1030 kg, what is the average distance between the planet and the star?

A
1.43 × 109 m
B
9.36 × 1011 m
C
5.42 × 1013 m
D
9.06 × 1017 m
4

Johannes Kepler is known for which discovery in astronomy?

A
discovering planets around other stars
B
determining planetary laws of motion
C
recording 20 years of data about planetary motion
D
proposing the heliocentric model of the solar system
5

Which best describes how Johannes Kepler developed his laws of planetary motion?

A
He calculated the gravitational force on orbiting bodies.
B
He debated with Copernicus who proposed the heliocentric model.
C
He examined the motions of planets through a telescope.
D
He analyzed data collected by Tycho Brahe.
6

To solve a problem using the equation for Kepler’s third law, Enrico must convert the average distance of Mars from the Sun from meters into astronomical units.

A
multiply the average distance by 1.5 × 1011
B
multiply 1.5 × 1011 by the average distance
C
divide the average distance by 1.5 × 1011
D
divide 1.5 × 1011 by the average distance
7

The solar mass of the Sun is 1. The orbital period of Jupiter is 11.9 Earth years.

A
5.2 AU
B
41 AU
C
52 AU
D
410 AU
8

Phobos orbits Mars in 27,553 s at a distance of 9.378 × 106 m. What is the mass of Mars?

A
2.58 × 1011 kg
B
2.05 × 1023 kg
C
6.43 × 1023 kg
D
1.09 × 1030 kg
9

The mass of the Sun is 2 × 1030 kg, and the mass of Saturn is 5.68 × 1026 kg. The distance between Saturn and the Sun is 9.58 AU. Veronica is solving the following equation to calculate the orbital period of Saturn, but there is an error in the equation.T = What should Veronica change to correct the equation?

Question illustration
A
change the position of 2 x 1030 kg and 9.58 AU
B
change 2 x 1030 kg to 5.68 x 1026 kg
C
change the square root to a cube root
D
change 9.58 AU to the distance in meters
10

Dewayne reviews Kepler’s laws by making the table shown. Which label belongs in each cell of the table?

Question illustration
A
W: FirstX: SecondY: Third
B
W: ThirdX: SecondY: First
C
W: ThirdX: FirstY: Second
D
W: SecondX: ThirdY: First
11

The image shows how Earth orbits the Sun. Points W and X are the same distance from the Sun.

Question illustration
A
Earth is speeding up at W and slowing down at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.
B
Earth is slowing down at W and speeding up at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.
C
The speed of Earth is the same at W as at X because the force on Earth is the same at W as at X.
D
The speed of Earth is greater at W than at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.
12

What is an astronomical unit (AU)?

A
the diameter of the Sun
B
the radius of the Sun
C
the average distance between Earth and its moon
D
the average distance between Earth and the Sun

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