Valentina is taking notes after reading an essay about the civil rights movement. She writes, "This essay reminds me of reading Martin Luther King Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech. I remember my grandmother telling me stories about her time helping with the civil rights movement. Did she get to hear Mr. King’s speech live?”

Valentina is recording her personal thoughts and memories in response to what she read. Connecting the essay to her own experiences and wondering about her grandmother’s memories is journaling. Outlining organizes a text’s main ideas, previewing happens before reading, and highlighting marks important passages.

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