Why can Freud’s conception of consciousness be compared to an iceberg?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: In Freud’s conception, consciousness can be broken up into three distinct bands: the conscious level, the preconscious level, and the unconscious level. The conscious level, where we process our perceptions and thoughts, is like the part of the iceberg that is above the water. We are aware of our conscious level, just as we are aware of the top layer of an iceberg. The next level of consciousness, the preconscious level, is just below the surface of our consciousness and can be accessed when it is needed to recall memories and facts. This is similar to the level of the iceberg directly under the water: you can perceive it if you look carefully and are close enough. The last level of consciousness is the unconscious level, which a person has no active knowledge of. Like the vast underwater portion of an iceberg, the unconscious level is unseen but can be very influential. The unconscious mind has many urges, instincts, and desires, which it is constantly demanding be met. The unconscious mind can influence the behavior of an individual, sometimes in the disastrous ways an iceberg can threaten a ship.
Harold is participating in a meditative yoga class. What kind of brain wave would you expect Harold to display?
Of the following patterns of brain waves, which is typical of a person who is extremely relaxed yet awake?
According to Freud, the deepest level of a person’s consciousness will __________.
Psychologists would be most likely to compare consciousness to a __________.
An electroencephalograph is used by psychologists to __________.
Some scientists typically think of consciousness as a product of __________.
Describe the difference between Sigmund Freud's three levels of consciousness.
Responses should include some or all of the following information: At the conscious level Freud claimed that one is able to perceive personal thoughts and feelings and involves being aware of the surrounding environment. At the preconscious level a person stores their memories and knowledge acquired as a result of one's experiences. At the unconscious level, one stores repressed desires and impulses which the person is unaware of.
The reason that people do not become overwhelmed by their environments is that consciousness allows people the awareness to __________.
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