Metals

Question 8 • GA-GSE Physical Science A

Atoms of elements at the top of a group on the periodic table are smaller than the atoms of elements at the bottom of the group. How does this help explain the difference in the reactivity of metals within a group?

Answer

The valence electrons of the larger atoms are farther from the nucleus and are easier to remove, so the metals near the top are more reactive than those at the bottom.

The valence electrons of the larger atoms are farther from the nucleus and are harder to remove, so the metals near the bottom are more reactive than those at the top.

The valence electrons of the larger atoms are farther from the nucleus and are harder to remove, so the metals near the top are more reactive than those at the bottom.

The valence electrons of the larger atoms are farther from the nucleus and are easier to remove, so the metals near the bottom are more reactive than those at the top.

Explanation

Atoms get larger going down a group, so their valence electrons are farther from the nucleus and more shielded by inner electrons. The nucleus holds these outer electrons less tightly, making them easier to remove. Since metals react by losing electrons, metals near the bottom of a group are generally more reactive than those near the top, as choice D states.

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