A nontraditional deck of cards has 30 total cards: 5 hearts, 10 clubs, 8 spades, and 7 diamonds. The cards are shuffled, and the top card is noted. This process is repeated 100 times. What is the probability the top card is spades in more than 30 percent of the sample? Use the z -table.

The probability of drawing a spade is 8/30, or about 0.267. For 100 draws, the sample proportion has standard deviation √[0.267(0.733)/100] ≈ 0.0442. The z-score for a sample proportion of 0.30 is (0.30 − 0.267)/0.0442 ≈ 0.75. The z-table gives a right-tail probability of about 0.227, so the answer is A, 0.227.

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