In terms of governance, how did Mustafa Kemal differ from Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud?

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk reshaped Turkey as a secular, modern republic, introducing reforms that reduced the role of religious institutions in government. Ibn Saud unified Saudi Arabia under a hereditary monarchy and kept governance closely tied to Islamic law and tradition. Therefore, the correct choice is “Kemal modernized Turkey, while Ibn Saud made Saudi Arabia a more traditional nation.”

AI-written and checked against the verified answer.