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Nationalism in the Middle East Answers

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1
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In terms of governance, how did Mustafa Kemal differ from Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud?

A
Kemal made Turkey a more traditional nation, while Ibn Saud modernized Saudi Arabia.
B
Kemal modernized Turkey, while Ibn Saud made Saudi Arabia a more traditional nation.
C
Kemal maintained Islamic law in Turkey, while Ibn Saud created a hereditary monarchy in Saudi Arabia.
D
Kemal created a hereditary monarchy in Turkey, while Ibn Saud maintained Islamic law in Saudi Arabia.
2
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52 AmericansAmerican studentsAyatollah KhomeiniShah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

A
52 Americans
B
American students
C
Ayatollah Khomeini
D
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
3

How did Iran change under Ayatollah Khomeini?

A
Iran became more Westernized.
B
Free speech was no longer limited.
C
Religious leaders created official policy.
D
Universities and other institutions opened.
4

What led to widespread protests in Iran in 2009?

A
the rise of the Hezbollah
B
charges of election fraud
C
the overthrow of the shah
D
reforms in women’s rights
5

What is an ayatollah?

A
a religious leader of Iran
B
a person or group following a strict set of principles
C
the term for a king of Iran
D
the act of doing what is required
6

In the 1940s and 1950s, pan-Arabism grew in the Middle East in response to

A
a decrease in Arab nationalism.
B
the division of the Ottoman Empire.
C
European conquest and colonialism.
D
growing influence from Western nations.
7

Which statement describes Hamas?

A
Hamas is a militant group that fights against religious fundamentalism.
B
Hamas is a terrorist organization primarily located in the Gaza Strip.
C
Hamas is a Lebanese group with political and militant wings funded by Iran.
D
Hamas is a political party in Egypt and worldwide Islamic movement.
8

How did Reza Pahlavi differ from Ayatollah Khomeini?

A
Pahlavi pushed for rights for the women of Iran, while Khomeini united the tribes of Persia.
B
Pahlavi united the tribes of Persia, while Khomeini pushed for rights for the women of Iran.
C
Pahlavi brought about religious reform in Iran, while Khomeini pushed for Westernization in that nation.
D
Pahlavi pushed for westernization in Iran, while Khomeini brought about religious reform in that nation.
9

Islamic clerics criticized the shah of Iran because they

A
disapproved of his Westernization policies.
B
disapproved of his move to fundamentalism.
C
disagreed with his interest in searching for oil.
D
disagreed with his push to block women’s rights.
10

Why did Western nations become interested in Saudi Arabia during the twentieth century?

A
Saudi Arabia abandoned Islamic law.
B
The nation set up European-style courts.
C
The country was becoming more modern.
D
Oil was discovered on the Arabian peninsula.
11

Why did Western nations become interested in Saudi Arabia during the twentieth century?

A
Saudi Arabia abandoned Islamic law.
B
The nation set up European-style courts.
C
The country was becoming more modern.
D
Oil was discovered on the Arabian peninsula.
12

Today, the fundamentalist movement in the Middle East calls for

A
a move to freedom and equality for all.
B
adherence to Islamic political traditions.
C
respect for the rights of minority groups.
D
an embrace of Western ideas and customs.
13

Which statements describe the shah’s rule of Iran in the 1950s and 1960s? Select 4 options. He invested in industrialization and modernization.He suppressed free speech and other civil liberties.He signed lucrative oil deals with Western countries. He supported fundamentalists within his government.He established a land redistribution and reform program.He fired and imprisoned many corrupt government officials.

A
He invested in industrialization and modernization.
B
He suppressed free speech and other civil liberties.
C
He signed lucrative oil deals with Western countries.
D
He supported fundamentalists within his government.
E
He established a land redistribution and reform program.
F
He fired and imprisoned many corrupt government officials.
14

Who was the "Father of the Turks” that led the Turkish nationalists in the 1920s to modernize Turkey and create a new democratic government?

A
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
B
Mustafa Kemal
C
Ayatollah Khomeini
D
Reza Pahlavi
15

How did Iran change under Ayatollah Khomeini?

A
Iran became more Westernized.
B
Free speech was no longer limited.
C
Religious leaders created official policy.
D
Universities and other institutions opened.
16

What is an ayatollah?

A
a religious leader of Iran
B
a person or group following a strict set of principles
C
the term for a king of Iran
D
the act of doing what is required
17

[BLANK]

A
52 Americans
B
American students
C
Ayatollah Khomeini
D
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
18

The Arab League was an organization established in 1945 to

A
coordinate political goals among six Arab nations.
B
fight for independence from European colonialism.
C
bring Western ideas and traditions to the Middle East.
D
search for oil and other resources in the Arabian world.
19

In the 1940s and 1950s, pan-Arabism grew in the Middle East in response to

A
a decrease in Arab nationalism.
B
the division of the Ottoman Empire.
C
European conquest and colonialism.
D
growing influence from Western nations.
20

In the 1970s, the shah of Iran was

A
returned to power by the CIA.
B
overthrown and sent into exile.
C
replaced with his son Mohammad.
D
given power and took control of Iran.

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