A runner’s distribution of times for running 1,000 meters has a mean of 4.5 minutes with a standard deviation of 0.75 minutes. One of the runner’s times has a z-score of –1.76. What is the runner’s time?

Use the z-score formula: time = mean + (z-score × standard deviation). Substituting the values gives 4.5 + (−1.76 × 0.75) = 4.5 − 1.32 = 3.18 minutes. The runner’s time is 3.18 minutes, choice A.

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