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Nova Intercepted Questions Answers

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Which of the statements about the effects of excess UVB on humans is accurate?

A
Skin cancer can lead to immunosuppression.
B
Immunosuppression can lead to skin cancer.
C
Cataracts can lead to immunosuppression.
D
Immunosuppression can lead to cataracts.
2
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Examine the four-graph image. [Image: A series of four line graphs depicting the timeline of changing ODS and ozone concentrations between 1960 and 2100 (with extrapolation). The first graph depicts the measured and extrapolated changes in ODS emissions, including several different chlorine- and bromine- containing compounds. The second graph depicts atmospheric changes in these compounds. The third graph depicts changes in total global ozone, and the fourth graph depicts changes in Antarctic total ozone in October.] (Courtesy of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]) Which statements about the difference between the timeline in graph (a) versus graph (b) are accurate? Select three options.

A
Even after ODS emissions decrease, the molecules can remain in the atmosphere for decades.
B
When ODS emissions decrease, the concentration of molecules in the atmosphere decreases in tandem.
C
ODS molecules can remain in the atmosphere for decades, but most eventually break down.
D
The concentration of all ODS molecules in the atmosphere will decrease to the same extent.
E
The concentration of different ODS molecules in the atmosphere will decrease to different extents.
3

Examine the two images. [Image: Diagram depicting the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere as one increases in altitude from Earth’s surface through the troposphere and stratosphere.] [Image: Imagery depicting changes in ozone concentration over Antarctica, 1970-1979 and 2007-2013.] (Images courtesy of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]) Which statements about the ozone hole are correct? Select two options.

A
The ozone hole is an actual hole through the stratosphere and troposphere.
B
The ozone hole is an actual hole through the stratosphere.
C
The center of the ozone hole is directly above the South Pole.
D
The center of the ozone hole deviates around the South Pole.
E
The concentration of ozone molecules in the ozone layer is uniform.
F
The concentration of ozone molecules in the ozone layer varies with altitude.
4

Think back to a previous lesson to answer this question: The ozone layer, Earth’s natural sunscreen, occurs within which layer of the atmosphere?

A
Thermosphere
B
Stratosphere
C
Mesosphere
D
Troposphere
5

Which of the following statements does NOT describe the Montreal Protocol?

A
It is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.
B
It was ratified before the discovery of the hole in the ozone layer.
C
It is an example of a collective effort to remedy an atmospheric tragedy of the commons.
D
It was named for the location in which the treaty was formed by members of the United Nations.
6

The image shows a thin layer in the stratosphere, which is commonly called a “hole” in the ozone layer. [Image: Hole in the ozone layer] On which date was this image most likely captured over Antarctica?

A
February 28, 2021
B
June 12, 2021
C
October 21, 2021
D
April 9, 2021
7

Which of the following statements are true regarding the breakdown of stratospheric ozone? I. It can originate from the emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). II. It can be initiated by a free chlorine (Cl). III. It prevents UV rays from reaching Earth’s surface.

A
I only
B
II only
C
I and III
D
I and II
8

Models of molecular oxygen and ozone are shown. [Image: Oxygen molecule showing 2 atoms of oxygen connected by two lines and ozone showing 3 atoms of oxygen, each connected by two lines.] Based on the models, what type of bond exists between the oxygen atoms of ozone?

A
ionic
B
covalent
C
hydrogen
D
peptide

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