AnswersGA-GSE Physical Science BIntroduction to Machines

Nuclear Energy Answers

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1
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What is Albert Einstein’s contribution to the understanding of nuclear energy?

A
He proposed that matter can be converted to energy and vice versa.
B
He first discovered that nuclear-reaction products are lighter than the reactants.
C
He developed the use of nuclear reactions to generate electricity.
D
He demonstrated that a uranium nucleus splits and releases neutrons.
2
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most

i
if there is a low concentration of people
i
if there is a nearby supply of fossil fuels
i
if there is an isolated location
i
if there are many other energy resources
3

Which refers to the continuous release of nuclear energy caused when one fission reaction triggers more nuclear reactions?

f
fusion reaction
t
trigger effect
e
energy effect
c
chain reaction
4

During a heat wave, there is an increased demand for electricity to operate air conditioners. The basic design of a nuclear reactor that generates electricity is shown below.

Question illustration
l
lower the control rods, which will absorb more neutrons before they can split atoms
r
raise the control rods so that fewer neutrons are absorbed and more can split uranium atoms
r
remove some of the fuel rods, which will leave more room for additional neutrons to split atoms
a
add additional fuel rods to generate additional neutrons to split uranium atoms
5

The storage method used for radioactive wastes generated from fission nuclear reactors must be designed to last for how long?

A
months
B
years
C
centuries
D
weeks
6

During early research in nuclear energy, why were scientists surprised that the products from splitting a uranium nucleus had less mass than the reactants?

A
They expected that the large release of energy would cause an increase in mass.
B
Up to that time, only chemical changes were known to form less mass than they started with.
C
All known changes always started and ended with the same amount of mass.
D
Other known nuclear changes resulted in the same mass of products as reactants.
7

What is the main reason why many nuclear power plants are located near bodies of water?

t
to wash wastes out of the power plant
t
to be close to shipping lanes for frequent fuel delivery
t
to have easy access to a coolant for the reactor
t
to avoid problems with water supply during a drought
8

The image shows a process that releases nuclear energy.

Question illustration
A
The process must be fusion because energy is released.
B
The process must be fusion because a heavier nucleus forms from smaller nuclei.
C
The process must be fission because a large nucleus breaks into smaller nuclei.
D
The process must be fission because neutrons are formed.
9

How do fission nuclear reactions differ from fusion nuclear reactions?

A
Fission reactions involve the conversion of matter into energy, but fusion reactions do not.
B
Fusion reactions involve the conversion of matter into energy, but fission reactions do not.
C
Fission reactions are used to generate electricity for consumers, but fusion reactions are not.
D
Fusion reactions are used to generate electricity for consumers, but fission reactions are not.
10

Improvements in which area would help reduce the possibility of damage to the environment when using uranium as a fuel?

m
more-efficient extraction techniques
b
better control of fusion reactions
s
stronger-pumping wells
t
thicker shielding around the reactor
11

Which feature of nuclear fission reactions allows these reactions to take place in a chain reaction?

T
Thermal energy is released and heats up the reactants.
M
More smaller atoms form that can undergo fission.
A
A larger atom is formed, which can then be split.
N
Neutrons start the reaction and are released during it.
12

Why are very high temperatures and pressures required for fusion to occur?

t
to generate the neutrons that are needed to break the nuclei
t
to overcome the repulsion between the protons in the nuclei that join
t
to maintain the proper conditions to keep the chain reaction going
t
to keep the uranium fuel separate from the control rods
13

Which is a concern about mining for uranium?

H
Heated water could be released into the environment.
D
Dust released in the air could be radioactive.
S
Supplies could become low during a drought.
I
It is too commonly found, and mines could be too plentiful.
14

What is the correct order of energy conversions associated with a power plant that uses nuclear fission reactions?

t
thermal to nuclear to mechanical to electrical
t
thermal to mechanical to nuclear to electrical
n
nuclear to mechanical to electrical to thermal
n
nuclear to thermal to mechanical to electrical

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