AnswersAZ-English Language Arts 11 B-CRA Response to 9/11 by Jonathan Safran Foer

Ordering the Chaos of the Contemporary World: An Introduction to Freakonomics Answers

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What counterclaim might be made against the statistical evidence in the previous question?

A
Sumo wrestling is an ancient tradition held sacred in Japan, so it cannot be corrupted.
B
There may be close ties between rival stables of sumo wrestlers.
C
A 7–7 wrestler might be more motivated to win and therefore perform better.
D
Wrestlers would not cheat because they want to win the $20,000 bonus prizes.
4

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Answer not available
5

What final conclusion do the authors arrive at through the bagel example?

A
The majority of people are corrupt.
B
The majority of people are honest.
C
Adam Smith was wrong.
D
Feldman’s economist friends were right.
6

Levitt and Dubner support the claim with the reason: Sumo wrestlers who win eight or more matches earn a higher rank than those who do not. Which evidence supports this reason?

A
A wrestler with ten victories would not throw a match because of the overall incentive to win.
B
The actual win percentage for 7–7 wrestlers is higher than the predicted win percentage.
7

What logical evidence do Levitt and Dubner present in response to the counterclaim that a 7–7 wrestler might be more motivated to win and therefore perform better?

A
In the next match, 7–7 wrestlers’ results drop below their predicted percentage.
B
The 7–7 wrestlers do well against both 8–6 and 9–5 opponents.
C
Wrestling matches only last a few seconds and are won by a quick exertion of force.
D
Wrestlers from the same stable do not oppose one another.
8

For what purpose do the authors use the bagel example within their argument?

A
to extend the argument beyond sumo to a broader group of people.
B
to focus on one person, Paul Feldman, instead of a group of people, sumo wrestlers
C
to entertain the reader with anecdotes about “the guy who brings in the bagels”
D
to argue how people’s careers take unexpected turns
9

What final conclusion do the authors arrive at through the bagel example?

A
The majority of people are corrupt.
B
The majority of people are honest.
C
Adam Smith was wrong.
D
Feldman’s economist friends were right.
10

Summarize how Levitt and Dubner logically support their argument that cheating exists when there is high incentive, but that the majority of people are honest.

Answer:

In the introduction to Freakonomics, Levitt and Dubner claim that economics is primarily the study of incentives. They provide evidence from sumo wrestling to show how athletes may cheat when incentives for winning are high, and they use the anecdote of the bagel man to demonstrate that people are generally honest even without direct supervision. While addressing counterarguments about the predictability of human nature, they conclude that analyzing data and incentives reveals the hidden side of the contemporary world.

11

Check the elements you included in your summary.

A
Levitt and Dubner’s overall claim
B
a reason and evidence from the sumo section
C
a reason and evidence from the bagel story
D
a counterargument
E
the overall conclusion Levitt and Dubner reached
12

This evidence suggests that wrestlersare exhausted after upset victories and lose the following match.might make deals so one wins one match and the other wins the next.typically get a lucky win when they have a record of 7–7.do not do as well when they are expected to win as when they are expected to lose.

A
are exhausted after upset victories and lose the following match.
B
might make deals so one wins one match and the other wins the next.
C
typically get a lucky win when they have a record of 7–7.
D
do not do as well when they are expected to win as when they are expected to lose.
13

What counterclaim might be made against the statistical evidence in the previous question?

A
Sumo wrestling is an ancient tradition held sacred in Japan, so it cannot be corrupted.
B
There may be close ties between rival stables of sumo wrestlers.
C
A 7–7 wrestler might be more motivated to win and therefore perform better.
D
Wrestlers would not cheat because they want to win the $20,000 bonus prizes.
14

This evidence suggests that wrestlers

A
are exhausted after upset victories and lose the following match.
B
might make deals so one wins one match and the other wins the next.
C
typically get a lucky win when they have a record of 7–7.
D
do not do as well when they are expected to win as when they are expected to lose.

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