In what way are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis similar?

Both stages of photosynthesis take place in the chloroplast, though in different parts: the light-dependent reactions occur on the thylakoid membranes, while the light-independent reactions occur in the stroma. Oxygen is released during the light-dependent reactions, and carbon fixation occurs in the light-independent reactions, so those are not shared features.

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