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Origin and Evolution of the Universe Answers

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The presence of which element would indicate that a star is going through a high-mass star life cycle as opposed to a low-mass star life cycle?

A
hydrogen
B
carbon
C
helium
D
iron
2
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Victor drew a diagram to show the life cycle of a low-mass star.

Question illustration
A
red supergiant
B
black hole
C
white dwarf
D
supernova
3

The chart shows characteristics of stars.Sirius is a blue-white star with a surface temperature of about 9800 K.What is most likely the mass of Sirius?

Question illustration
A
1.0 solar mass
B
1.4 solar mass
C
2.0 solar mass
D
12 solar mass
4

Alana drew a diagram to compare the life cycles of low-mass and high-mass stars.

Question illustration
A
X: Nuclear fusion forms hydrogen in the main sequence star.Y: A white dwarf is part of the cycle.Z: A supernova is part of the cycle.
B
X: A white dwarf is part of the cycle.Y: Nuclear fusion forms hydrogen in the main sequence star.Z: A supernova is part of the cycle.
C
X: A protostar is part of the cycle.Y: It begins in a nebula.Z: nuclear fusion forms hydrogen in the main sequence star.
D
X: It begins in a nebula.Y: Nuclear fusion forms hydrogen in the main sequence star.Z: A protostar is part of the cycle.
5

After the supernova in a star’s life cycle, what else is formed in addition to a nebula?

A
red giant or protostar
B
neutron star or red giant
C
protostar or black hole
D
black hole or neutron star
6

Which of these forms as part of the life cycles of both low-mass and high-mass stars as a result of a star-forming nebula collapsing and spinning?

A
protostar
B
black hole
C
supernova
D
white dwarf
7

According to the big bang theory, which describes the universe before the actual big bang occurred?

A
multiple, cold, dense points, each larger than the Sun
B
multiple, hot, dense points, each smaller than an atom
C
single, cold, dense point larger than the Sun
D
single, hot, dense point smaller than an atom
8

What is the origin of all stars?

A
supernova
B
dwarfs
C
protostars
D
nebulae
9

Which describes redshifts? Check all that apply.

A
The light source and observer move closer together.
B
Observed light shifts to a longer wavelength.
C
They indicate receding galaxies.
D
Observed light shifts to a shorter wavelength.
E
The light source and observer move farther apart.
F
They indicate approaching galaxies.
10

Which best describes cosmic microwave background radiation?

A
radiation thought to exist but not yet measured
B
radiation predicted to exist in millions of years
C
radiation that existed before the big bang
D
leftover radiation from the big bang
11

Scientists discovered that stars in the universe are mostly composed of which elements?

A
hydrogen and helium
B
hydrogen and oxygen
C
oxygen and nitrogen
D
helium and nitrogen
12

Bethany and Joquin are discussing theories about the universe. Bethany believes that since the beginning of the universe, galaxies have been moving, and will continue to move, toward Earth. Joquin argues that galaxies have been moving away from Earth.

A
nucleosynthesis
B
cosmic microwave background radiation
C
composition of stars
D
redshift
13

Which shows the correct order of events during the process of nucleosynthesis?

A
hydrogen nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed, helium nucleus formed
B
helium nucleus formed, hydrogen nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed
C
hydrogen nucleus formed, helium nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed
D
helium nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed, hydrogen nucleus formed
14

A Hertzsprung-Russel diagram is shown.

Question illustration
A
red giants
B
white dwarfs
C
supergiants
D
main sequence
15

The Hertzsprung-Russel diagram is used to show the relationship between which two characteristics of stars?

A
luminosity and temperature
B
mass and luminosity
C
temperature and mass
D
mass and color
16

Which occurred before nucleosynthesis began? Check all that apply.

A
universe became transparent
B
quarks started to form
C
inflationary expansion occurred
D
electrons started to form
E
stars were born

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