Between 1520 and 1683, the population of the Ottoman Empire [___] by about [___] people.

The population increased by about 18,000,000 people. Using the approximate estimates of 11 million in 1520 and 29 million in 1683, the increase is 29,000,000 − 11,000,000 = 18,000,000. So the correct choice is 18,000,000.

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