Tami is a patient who discusses a personal medical condition with John, a medical counselor. At lunch, John informally tells other coworkers, who are not involved with Tami’s medical care, about her condition. What principle does this conduct violate?

John shared Tami’s private medical information with coworkers who were not involved in her care. Medical information should be kept private and disclosed only to people with a legitimate need to know, so this violates the principle of confidentiality. Autonomy concerns a person’s right to make their own decisions, while beneficence and nonmaleficence concern promoting good and avoiding harm.

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