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Photosynthesis in Plants Answers

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1
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Gross production is the amount of energy left after cellular respiration.

A
T
B
F
2
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The relationship between the amount of energy available for use and the amount of entropy in a food chain differs between trophic levels. Why would the amount of entropy increase from one trophic level to another in a food chain or energy pyramid?

A
the available energy from one trophic level to another increases
B
energy is lost at each level as heat, which increases randomization
C
the amount of biomass decreases from one trophic level to another
D
the available energy at each level may either increase or decrease, creating randomization
3

Carnivores that feed on other carnivores are _______.

A
tertiary consumers
B
secondary consumers
C
primary consumers
D
producers
5

Which of the following levels is the most efficient at energy conversion?

A
producers
B
primary consumers
C
secondary consumers
D
tertiary consumers
6

Which of the following organisms in the soil food chain does not obtain energy directly from plants?

A
bacteria
B
fungi
C
protozoa
D
nematodes
7

Which of the following statements about entropy is true?

A
Entropy increases going from one trophic level to another.
B
Increases in entropy lead to reversible processes.
C
A system’s work output is limited when changes in entropy do not occur.
D
All of the above
8

Energy that is not passed on from one trophic level to the next is _______.

A
lost as heat
B
returned to the sun
C
destroyed
D
all of the above
9

The amount of available energy changes between the trophic levels found in a food chain or energy pyramid. Photos (left to right) by Mehmet Karatay, Jens Buurgaard Nielsen, Furryscaly, and Walter Siegmund How would the amount of available energy differ in the trophic level of the mouse compared to the trophic level of the hawk?

Question illustration
A
Available energy would increase from the mouse to the hawk.
B
Available energy would decrease from the mouse to the hawk.
C
Available energy would initially increase from the mouse to the hawk, and then decrease over time.
D
Available energy would remain the same from the mouse to the hawk.
10

The amount of available energy changes between the trophic levels found in a food chain or energy pyramid. Photos (left to right) by Mehmet Karatay, Jens Buurgaard Nielsen, Furryscaly, and Walter Siegmund In the food chain shown, which of the following changes between trophic levels would have the highest energy conversion efficiency?

Question illustration
A
leaf to mouse
B
mouse to snake
C
snake to hawk
D
all changes would have the same efficiency
11

Why is a system’s work output limited?

A
Entropy decreases with each stage of a system, causing a decrease in available entropy to carry out each stage.
B
Systems tend to become less randomized over time, which causes spontaneous processes to no longer occur.
C
Energy is destroyed in each stage, causing the amount of available energy to decrease with each stage.
D
Energy is lost as heat in each stage, causing the amount of energy available to decrease with each stage.
12

Which of the following is the most likely flow of energy in an aquatic ecosystem?

A
phytoplankton → mammal → zooplankton → fish
B
phytoplankton → zooplankton → fish → mammal
C
zooplankton → phytoplankton → mammal → fish
D
mammal → fish → zooplankton → phytoplankton
13

Energy in an ecosystem flow from consumers to producers.

A
T
B
F
14

Entropy is greater at higher trophic levels than at lower levels.

A
T
B
F
15

The conversion efficiency from herbivores to carnivores is the least efficient of the tropic levels with an average conversion of _____.

A
1 – 5%
B
0.5 – 1%
C
7 – 12%
D
15 – 20%
16

How are gross production and net production different?

A
Net production is always greater than gross production.
B
Net production is always less than gross production.
C
Only animals have net production.
D
Only plants have net production.
17

Producers are the primary living source of energy in a food web.

A
T
B
F

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